including dead marine microorganisms, material transported to the oceans by rivers –the particles that trickle down are deposited layer by layer at depth. Ultimately, a unique archive is created, one that [...] aims of the various analyses is to determine how much carbon the ocean removed from the atmosphere and stored in its depths in the past. The permanently frozen soils of the Arctic store tremendous amounts [...] 440 KB Media Science Daily | 10.09.2018 Coastal erosion in the Arctic intensifies global warming Find out more > Dialogue & Lectures Policy advice

and vulnerable to future global warming. The potential of polar oceans and their marginal seas to amplify on a global scale warm climate conditions and sea level change through their temperature, sea [...] Establishment of sea surface temperature and sea ice records for the Arctic and Southern Ocean covering the MIS 5e warm interval.

Climate Modelling We investigate the coupled Arctic climate system with the overall aim to (i) improve our understanding and model representation of key climate processes in the Arctic [...] of key Arctic processes and feedbacks. A large body of evidence demonstrates how changes in the Arctic climate influence weather and climate at [...] in atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean, which are involved in interactions that play a major role in the coupled Arctic climate system. On the one hand, we apply the

has successfully completed more than 130 expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and offered a temporary home for thousands of researchers from Germany and around the globe. In the process, the [...] miles. The ship is currently on an expedition in the Southern Ocean.

our knowledge of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is constantly growing, we still don’t understand all the connections and phenomena. Two examples: because the thickness of the Arctic sea ice is steadily declining and meltwater pools are increasingly forming in summer, covering large areas of the Arctic sea ice, both the ice and the ocean below absorb more solar radiation. As a result, more algae grow, marine biomass production increases and more carbon is taken up

Due to intensifying sea-ice melting in the Arctic, sunlight is now penetrating deeper and deeper into the ocean. Since marine zooplankton respond to the available light, this is also

) Using sea surface temperature observations to constrain upper ocean properties in an Arctic sea ice-ocean data assimilation system. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans , 124, 4723-4743, doi:10.1029/2019JC015073 [...] , Q., Ricker, R., Losa, S., Nerger, L., and Zhang, J. (2018) Arctic-wide sea-ice thickness estimates from combining satellite remote sensing data and a dynamic ice-ocean model with data assimilation [...] L., Wu, L. (2017) Assimilating Copernicus SST data into a pan-Arctic ice-ocean coupled model with a local SEIK filter. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , 34, 1985-1999, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D

Iceflux - Ice-ecosystem carbon flux in polar oceans In both Polar Regions, areas covered by sea ice are shrinking due to climate warming. What are the consequences of sea ice decline in the Arctic and the Antarctic Ocean? Answering this question is not only important, because sea ice provides a resting ground for penguins, [...] approaches to fisheries management and nature conservation in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans under environmental change. The research project investigates ice-covered deep-sea ecosystems in the Arctic

research ship Healy and the icebreaker Oden in the middle of the Arctic Ocean: at 85° 30 N and 015°00’ E over the Gakkel Ridge. Aerial view of RV Polarstern (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Operations [...] research vessel Healy and the icebreaker Oden in the middle of the Arctic Ocean at 85° 30 N and 015°00‘ E over the Gakkel Ridge. 2004-2005 – In the framework of the ice station Polarstern experiment the [...] . 06.2012-10.2012 – During the Polarstern’s 27th stay in the Arctic and in the context of the “Sea ice - ocean - seafloor interactions in the changing Arctic” (IceAr) expedition, e.g. long-term changes

Group (Phytoplankton Ecology and Biogeochemistry in the Changing Arctic Ocean) at AWI and the Helmholtz Young Investigators Group SEAPUMP (Seasonal and regional food web interactions with the biological