Arctic Ocean
The dramatic loss of ice in the Arctic is influencing sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. As experts from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research [...] percent of the sea ice that forms in the shallow Russian marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean actually reaches the Central Arctic, where it joins the Transpolar Drift; the remaining 80 percent of the young [...] development not only takes us one step closer to an ice-free summer in the Arctic; as the sea ice dwindles, the Arctic Ocean stands to lose an important means of transporting nutrients, algae and sediments

have now shown, the ocean may weaken warming around Antarctica and delay sea-ice retreat. Given that many models are not capable of accurately reflecting this factor and the role of ocean eddies, the study [...] Climate Research
Despite global warming and the sea-ice loss in the Arctic, the Antarctic sea-ice extent has remained largely unchanged since 1979. However, existing climate model-based simulations

Biodiversity
Massive sponge gardens thrive on top of seamounts in the Central Arctic Ocean, one of the most oligotrophic seas on Earth. They appear to feed on the remnants of an extinct fauna. Micr [...] Communications . They stress the need for a better understanding of the diversity and uniqueness of Arctic ecosystems in the light of global and local change.

International Ocean Color Coordination Group. www.ioccg.org/reports/IOCCG_Report_15_2014.pdf / S. Sathyendranath (editor) , Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada., International Ocean-Colour Coordinating [...] V., Bracher, A., Ramon, D., Sathyendranath, S., Kutser, T., eds. (2020). Colour and Light in the Ocean. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88963-421-7 2018 Heim B., Juhls B., Abramova E. [...] Bracher A., Doerffer R., Goncalves-Araujo R., hellmann S., Kraberg A., Martynov, Overduin P. (2019) Ocean Colour Remote Sensing in the Laptev Sea. In: Barale V., Gade M. (eds) Remote Sensing of the Asian

frequency over a full annual cycle in the Central Arctic Ocean. They have now published three overview articles on the MOSAiC atmosphere, snow and sea ice, and ocean programs in the journal Elementa, highlighting [...] together. These results present the first complete picture of the climate processes in the central Arctic which is warming more than two times as fast as the rest of the planet - processes which affect weather

in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. The results from Stockholm University, the Alfred Wegener Institute and colleagues in the European Fisheries Inventory in the Central Arctic Ocean (EFICA) Consortium are

Observed ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes: improved knowledge and existing model shortcomings WP1 will produce integrated knowledge of how sea ice and its snow cover are coupled to oceanic and atmospheric [...] deliver improved understanding of the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical interactions within the Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere (OIA) system, new knowledge of polar and global climate, and enhanced ability of society [...] components and regions (e.g. polar low-latitude interactions/teleconnections) that occur through the ocean and atmosphere. Finally, we use existing and updated model projections to complete a comprehensive

moderately rough arctic sea ice and take ridge height and distribution into account. They are well proven for applications in simulations of flow situations in the northern polar ocean. To prove if they [...] leads and polynias For the energy and moisture exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean, leads and polynias play an important role. This is documented by many modelling studies, but only [...] sea ice have a significant effect on the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean. Uncertainties in the representation of sea ice albedo contribute considerably to the differences

insights into key local-regional scale physical and chemical processes for atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Arctic and Antarctic, their responses to, and influence on, projected changes in the global [...] Rinke . WP4. Arctic processes and O-A-I interactions in the coupled climate system Improved understanding of those key physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean, and involved [...] involved interactions that play a major role in the coupled Arctic climate system and associated Arctic Amplification. AWI contribution led by Dr. Annette Rinke and Dr. Wolfgang Dorn . WP5. Antarctic processes

of plastic has reached all spheres of the Arctic: large quantities of plastic - transported by rivers, the air and shipping- can now be found in the Arctic Ocean. High concentrations of microplastic can