dramatically changes the energy exchange between atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic. Melt ponds play a key role in these changes, because they substantially enhance the absorption of solar radiation [...] to form. From 9 May to 8 June 2008, we operated in the Canadian Arctic, mainly over the southern Beaufort Sea with Inuvik as airbase for Polar 5 . Sea ice conditions changed considerably during the [...] Kaleschke, L., Birnbaum, G. 2012. Melt ponds on Arctic sea ice determined from MODIS satellite data using an artificial neural network. The Cryosphere 6: 431-446. doi:10.5194/tc-6-431-

Polar sea ice variability - Arctic Our ability to quantitatively reconstruct Arctic paleo-sea-ice distributions has been greatly improved by a novel biomarker approach [...] 25 , brassicasterol, and PIP 25 , derived from a recent study of Arctic Ocean surface sediments (Fig. 2; Xiao et al., 2015 ). During the last years, a large number of IP 25 /PIP 25 studies have been [...] the IP 25 approach as key proxy for the reconstruction of past Arctic Ocean sea-ice conditions, however, more ground-truth data related to the synthesis, diagenesis, and preservation of this biomarker

Arctic Ocean
The influx of warmer water masses from the North Atlantic into the European marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean plays a [...] has drifted towards Greenland via the North Pole and leaves the Arctic through Fram Strait. This study also includes data from the MOSAiC expedition.

in Northern European Waters) is a European project funded by JPI Oceans and will create new knowledge and improve our mechanistic understanding of the sources, transport, occurrence, and fate of small microplastics from European waters to the Arctic. The consortium consists of 15 partners in 7 countries, with more than 50 people involved in the research activities.

food availability, which is a common scenario for the changing Arctic Ocean, we installed cages (2 x 2 m in dimension, 50 cm in height) at the deep seafloor (2500 m water depth). The solid lids of these [...] increased near bottom flow on meiofauna diversity in the deep Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 73(3): 31-45. Freese, D., Schewe, I., Kanzog, C., Soltwedel, T., Klages, M. (2012): Recolonisation of new habitats by meiobenthic organisms in the deep Arctic Ocean: an experimental approach. Polar Biology 35: 1801-1813. Guilini, K., Soltwedel, T., van Oevelen, D., Vanreusel, A. (2011):

photoperiod. Some of the key species we work with in the Southern Ocean are krill, specifically Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba and the gelatinous pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni . In the Arctic Ocean

Given the important role of the Antarctic food web in the global ocean, our project has a large societal relevance enabling us to predict the consequences of global warming for the Southern Polar Ocean [...] the effects of climate changes on the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and support a more adaptive risk assessment of the krill fishery in the Southern Ocean. Participants Prof. Dr. Bettina Meyer (AWI/ [...] cycling changes in light conditions (photoperiodism). As the Arctic Ocean is warming, zooplankton are undergoing habitat range extensions polewards. This will result in exposure to new and more extreme

polar regions are a key driving force for the Earth's climate and oceans. With the Alfred Wegener Institute's research in the Arctic and Antarctic, we contribute to the understanding of the global climate [...] advises the European Commission on all matters relating to the Arctic and Antarctic and is designated by the European Union as a central element of its joint polar research strategy. Another important EU project is ARICE, the Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium. Within its framework, international coordination of ship-based research in the Arctic is being

Arctic Ocean
The sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean reached its annual minimum of 4.81 million square kilometres on 12 September 2021. As such, the 2021 Arctic sea-ice minimum comes in at 12th place on the negative list for absolute values. Sea ice extent in September is one of the strongest

and the Frontiers in Arctic Marine Science (FRAM) observatory, which are distributed across the Weddell Sea and Fram Strait, respectively. See the maps to the [...] all sites are equipped with recorders at all time. Maps of the Arctic and Antarctic with underwater sound recording sites occupied by the AWI Ocean Acoustics group since 2006. PALAOA (PerenniAL Acoustic [...] Spitsbergen and Greenland. Further moorings in the adjacent Arctic Ocean extend this array slightly to the North. MAP of FRAM moorings hosting PAM recorders an AZFPs. Please note, that not all