. During our journey in the thick ice across the deepening Arctic Ocean, wildlife became scarcer and scarcer. Patches of Melosira arctica were only spotted rarely.

different species of the genus Alexandrium sp . FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring) The development of a standardized molecular observation strategy for marine eukaryotic microbes is tightly linked [...] monitor and understand how ongoing environmental changes affect Arctic marine prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities and how these changes will alter their role in global element cycling. Within [...] investigates biogeochemical parameters in the water column of the Arctic Ocean on a regular basis to better understand the impact of a variable environment on ecological processes in the Arctic ocean. ICES

Svalbard region? Svalbard is a key region of climate change in the Arctic. On the one hand it is close to the Atlantic water inflow to the Central Arctic Ocean, and on the other hand it is located along [...] stations in the Ny-Ålesund Atmosphere Flagship Program , and with Arctic wide observations in the International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) . Major activities are related to various [...] and StratoClim . Spitsbergen: Hotspot of climate change in the Arctic. (Graphic: Alfred-Wegener-Institut)

daily temperature measurements at our research stations in the Arctic and Antarctic, monitoring ocean currents at our deep-sea moorings in the Fram Strait and the Weddell Sea, and the data from our sea-ice buoys drifting through the Antarctic and Arctic Oceans, as well as the data supplied by various satellites, without which modern climate research would be practically impossible. Whether for the ocean, ice, atmosphere or land: our efforts provide reliable data that is absolutely essential for the validation of our climate models

section, where it is constantly being refined. Unlike traditional ocean models, which are based on structured grids, FESOM uses triangle-based unstructured grids to simulate ocean currents, hydrography [...] and represents one of the most important connections between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. In the past few years, we’ve seen a major decline in Arctic sea ice in the region. In addition, more [...] . Right now, I’m working with a regional climate model for the Arctic. The model consists of several components: the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean and land. Simulations with this model help us interpret

Arctic Ocean
On the seafloor of the shallow coastal regions north of Siberia, microorganisms produce methane when they break down plant [...] , the gas can be transported thousands of kilometres across the Arctic Ocean and released in a completely different region months later. This phenomenon is the subject of an article by researchers from [...] Scientific Reports. Although this interaction between methane, ocean and ice has a significant influence on climate change, to date it has not been reflected in climate models.

air-sea ice-ocean interaction. The improved representation of Arctic atmospheric processes in climate models is therefore a fundamental contribution [...] impact of the improved physical representation of polar air-sea ice-ocean interaction on the variability and changes of Arctic atmospheric circulation, Arctic sea ice and mid-latitude atmospheric circulation [...] of extreme events on navigability of Northern sea route over the Arctic Ocean, wildfires and changes in vegetation characteristics over Russia. Milestone M4.1 Implementation of improved ocean wave-ice

Sea Ice
The Arctic sea ice continues to dwindle: Since the 1970s, when satellites first began monitoring the white sheet covering the Arctic Ocean, [...] The reason: warm air intrusions, which are not only hitting the Arctic more frequently, but are also intensifying and reaching farther north.

the capacities for marine-based research in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. In the project “ARICE- Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium”, they aim at better coordinating the existing polar research

fog, calm sea, ice free. Nothing reminds us that we are in the Arctic Ocean (but this may change soon when are steaming northwards end of this week!).