represents one of the most important connections between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. In the past few years, we’ve seen a major decline in Arctic sea ice in the region. In addition, more warm and salty [...] regional climate model for the Arctic. The model consists of several components: the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean and land. Simulations with this model help us interpret the Arctic climate, its variability and [...] climate changes in the Arctic are connected to the weather and climate in central Europe. The difficult thing about these interactions is the fact that, in addition to the Arctic factors, other aspects

Land to Ocean: How Coastal Habitats in the Arctic Respond" (FLO CHAR) focuses on the biogeochemical effects of climate change on the most rapidly evolving ecosystem on Earth, the shallow Arctic coastal [...] the Arctic is dramatically altering terrestrial and marine environments and will have cascading influences on all ecosystems and infrastructure on which local communities rely. Particularly Arctic coastal [...] sit at the interface between the warming land and ocean. At the same time coastal and near-shore zones are the most understudied regions of the Arctic marine realm. One critical area that has been affected

IODP/ICDP drill proposals. Formation of the Arctic Basin Polarstern for geophysics in the Arctic Ocean Research projects on the formation of the Arctic Ocean Development of the North Atlantic Deepwater [...] modification of oceanic crust, and modification of regional palaeo-circulation. Palaeo-topography and dynamic modifications of the seafloor strongly affect the pathways of the oceanic circulation and the [...] and its precursors? Follow this link Gateways of the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current

increased to 1 km in the whole Arctic Ocean and further refined to subkilometer scales at the MOSAiC sites. The decades-long eddy-resolving model results for the Arctic Ocean and the well-evaluated and documented [...] variability of the Arctic Ocean and the cryosphere on time scales of decades to millennia and to use these results to robustly assess the impact of projected future climate changes on the Arctic. Deniz Aydin [...] Changing Arctic" (EPICA) is a BMBF funded project that will use high-resolution modeling and observations to understand the properties and impacts of (sub)mesoscale eddies in the Arctic Ocean, especially

project is to build an efficient integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS) by extending, improving and unifying existing systems in the different regions of the Arctic. Contact: T. Soltwedel, C. Hasemann, I [...] European open ocean fixed point observatories and to improve access to these key installations for the broader community. These will provide multidisciplinary observations in all parts of the oceans from the [...] Purser SenseOcean (Marine sensors for the 21st Century) EU funded FP7 project Duration: 01.10.2013 - 30.09.2017 Coordinator: Denise Martin, Natural Environment Research Council, UK SenseOCEAN brings together

deep Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I 73(3): 31-45. Freese, D., Schewe, I., Kanzog, C., Soltwedel, T., Klages, M. (2012): Recolonisation of new habitats by meiobenthic organisms in the deep Arctic Ocean: [...] small benthic biota to decreasing food availability, which is a common scenario for the changing Arctic Ocean, we installed cages (2 x 2 m in dimension, 50 cm in height) at the deep seafloor (2500 m water [...] (2009): Response of benthic microbial communities to chitin enrichment: an in-situ study in the deep Arctic Ocean. Polar Biology 32(1): 105-112. Gallucci, F., Fonseca, G., Soltwedel, T. (2008): Effects of megafauna

the establishment of the FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring) Ocean Observing System improves our monitoring capacities. LTER Observatory HAUSGARTEN Ocean Observing System FRAM [...] Understanding the ocean, and the complex physical, biological, and biogeochemical systems operating within it, is a challenge for the opening decades of the 21st century. The establishment of multidisciplinary [...] multidisciplinary ocean observatories by the Alfred Wegener Institute will help to provide the means to accomplish this goal. Ecological time-series work at the LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) site HAUSGARTEN

under the snow and ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. The results of the study now published in the journal Nature Communications show that photosynthesis in the ocean is possible under much lower light conditions [...] low light levels. This is the result of an international study that investigated the development of Arctic microalgae at the end of the polar night. The measurements were carried out as part of the MOSAiC

key Arctic atmospheric and sea ice variables based on satellite and in-situ data sets (WP1) • Regional feedback mechanisms responsible for Arctic climate change (WP2) • Interaction between Arctic climate [...] routes (WP4) • Impact of Arctic sea ice and cyclones on biodiversity and productivity of the Arctic marine biota (WP5) WP1 will quantify the strength of climatic changes in the Arctic based on unique Russian [...] in-situ and satellite data for sea ice and ocean variables and atmospheric key parameters. WP2 will improve the regional feedbacks between the Arctic atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and snow in a regional coupled

of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems. Radiation fluxes through summer sea ice in the Arctic [...] energy fluxes through Arctic sea ice Arndt and Nicolaus ( 2014, TC; doi:10.5194/tc-8-2219-2014 ) In this study, we quantify solar shortwave fluxes through sea ice for the entire Arctic during all seasons [...] of melt onset and the correct classification of ice types. Radiation fluxes through Arctic sea ice Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption Nicolaus et al. ( 2012