Arga Island in the NW part of the delta. The third river terrace is the oldest geomorphological unit of the Lena Delta, shaped by the extremely cold climate of the last glacial period when the area was not [...] assumed. At the bottom of the snow layer, the remaining shortwave radiation flux is assigned as energy input to the uppermost soil grid cell. The albedo of the snow is calculated as a function of the difference [...] version of CryoGrid 3 so that the sum of the volumetric contents of ice and water re- mains constant (for simplicity, the densities of ice and wa- ter are assumed equal). The phase change of the soil wa-

NOAA SST data into the BSH operational circulation model for the North and Baltic Seas: Part 2. Sensitivity of the forecast's skill to the prior model error statistics. Journal of Marine Systems , 120 [...] assimilation of physical and biogeochemical observations. in Proceedings of the 10th EuroGOOS International Conference. "European Operational Oceanography for the ocean we want - Addressing the UN Ocean Decade [...] Janssen, F. (2012). Assimilating NOAA SST data into the BSH operational circulation model for the North and Baltic Seas: Inference about the data. Journal of Marine Systems , 105-108, pp. 152-162, doi:10.1016/j

(POC dry wt %) of 0.1 % (Southern Bight) to 1.9 % (south east of the Helgoland mud area) or 2 % (TOC dry wt%) (southern part of the Helgoland mud area) respectively in sediments of the German North Sea [...] 1997; Müller et al., 2024). Outside of the German part of the North Sea a first estimate (Diesing et al., 2017) of POC storage in the top 10 cm of sub- tidal sediments of the north west European shelf is 0 [...] 79) kgC m− 2. The major carbon deposition center of the North Sea (outside of Germany) is the Norwegian Trough (Skagerrak), accounting for about 87 % of the total Corg accumulation in the total North Sea

constant of proportionality. • c, the concentration of the absorbing species within the sample. • l, the length of the optical path traveled by light, that is, the length of the path within which the light [...] represent, respectively, the start date of the period of interest, the date that is used during the loop, and the end date of the period of interest. The cycle begins by assigning cdate the same value as sdate [...] between the different types of plankton and the rest of the oceanic food web is offered by Figure 2 below. Figure 2 | Model of interactions between the different types of plankton and the rest of the oceanic

L−1) along the cruise track. The middle line in each panel shows the exact position of the cruise track. The dashed lines show the approximate location of clusters 2 and 4. The order of the colour bars [...] salinity (World Ocean Atlas 2009) and results from a cruise sampling the Atlantic Upwelling (Zindler et al. 2012). 2.1 State of the Art of knowledge of PFT and DMS emissions The complexity of the link between [...] Introduction 1.1 Scope of the document This technical note summarizes the activities in WP 250 as response to SR-3 of the requirement baseline, SoW Annex D (RD-3, Annex D), in light of the SynSen-PFT proposed

constituted 97% of the water sample for the cyanobacteria absorption spectrum. For most of the cases, we chose to use the absorption spectra of natural samples since the pigmentation of cultures might differ [...] depending on the application. In the first method, we look for the spectral regions in the derivatives (second and fourth) of the absorption spectra with strongest features. The wavelengths of maxima of spectral [...] appearances of (each of) the derivative crossing zero. The bands of highest frequencies of zero crossing are highlighted and indicate possible placement of the bands. Many features are the same for both

network. The mission of the “Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring” (FRAM) infrastructure is to support synchronous year-round integrated system observations of one of the fastest changing regions of the Earth [...] information about the dynamics of the pack ice. 06 Ice tethered Bio-Optical Buoy (IBOB): consists of 3 sensor modules, one in the ice, one directly below the ice and one 5 meters below the ice. Measures [...] attribute the impact of anthropogenic activity and natural phenomena on the marine ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Long-term data set of 3 phytoplankton functional types in the Arctic by synergistic use of hyper-

effects on the landscape, as the large ice masses melt, causing parts of the surface to collapse. The considerable diversity to be found in permafrost makes it particularly difficult to keep track of the various [...] found at the Zugspitze. Given its smaller overall land mass, there is less permafrost in the Southern Hemisphere. Although the Antarctic offers the constant low temperatures needed, the amount of land where [...] where the majority of biological and biochemical activity takes place, it is also referred to as the “active layer”, which, as the thawing layer, is not considered to be part of the permafrost. The layer

use, impacted on the global carbon cycle resulting in the additional release of carbon, mainly in the form of CO2, and in the perturbation of the long-estabilished equilibrium of the natural carbon cycle [...] increases. The effectiveness of the solubility pump relies on the contrast between the large volume of the deep ocean that is ventilated by cold polar water masses and the relatively smaller volume of the oceanic [...] tification. 1.4 Thesis objectives The aim of this work is the estimation of the contribution of streamers to the lateral transport of biomass from the shelf domain to the open ocean. Only observational data

these orbits circle the Earth about 14 times per day. The swath is the area of the Earth which is observed by the satellite per orbit. Depending on the width of the swath, the satellite can reach daily [...] regions excluding the area South of 60°S for the Southern SOAI region, and the area North of 35°S for the Northern SOAI region, to exclude the influence of the extremely low coverage in the South (GOME-2 in [...] applications of the data sets derived and characterized in this thesis include: the estimation of the oceanic heat budget and the UV dose rate on marine organisms, the investigation of the sources of colored