within one year due to the self-discharge of the battery in -1.75°C bottom waters of the deep Arctic Ocean. TRAMPER can be deployed with pin-point accuracy by means of a video-controlled cabled launching [...] crawler for long-term benthic oxygen flux studies in remote deep sea ecosystems , OCEANS 2016 MTS/IEEE Monterey, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.2016.776121.

between atmosphere and ocean. This concerns both hemispheres since cold-air outbreaks occur in the Arctic and Antarctic as well. Typical regions for cold-air outbreaks in the Arctic are the Fram Strait and [...] of the lower atmosphere with sea ice and ocean is strongly influenced by processes caused by the surface morphology, which is characterized in the Polar ocean regions first of all by the sea ice cover [...] Polar Atmospheric Boundary Layer - Observations and Small Scale Modelling Temperature profiles over Arctic sea ice during summer. Boundary layer heights amount here to about 60 m (blue) and 500 m (red) (Graphic:

Ocean Eddies
In a new study, researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) investigated the long-term changes in the Arctic Ocean eddy activity [...] study reveals a remarkable surge in Arctic eddy activity in a warmer climate, a trend that is probably unparalleled when compared to other regions across the global ocean.

Consistency and Challenges in the Ocean Carbon Sink Estimate for the Global Carbon Budget. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 571720. doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.571720 •[Arctic high-resolution] Schourup-Kristensen [...] nsen, V., Wekerle, C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Völker, C. (2018): Arctic Ocean biogeochemistry in the high resolution FESOM 1.4-REcoM2 model, Progress in Oceanography, 168, 65-81, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09 [...] macrozooplankton, Karakuş et al., 2022 ), and to include the sensitivity of phytoplankton growth to ocean acidification ( Seifert et al., 2022 ). Main REcoM references (chronological order): •[3 phytoplankton

atmosphere and the ocean. The climate of the Arctic is subject to visible changes and the sea-ice albedo feedback mechanism acts as an amplifier of climate change. The observed decrease of Arctic summer sea ice [...] coupled ice-ocean-atmosphere system and a growing radiative forcing associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The attribution of ongoing changes in the Arctic and Antarctic [...] of key processes in the Arctic and Antarctic climate system. Major gaps and uncertainties exist in the knowledge of processes governing e .g. the build-up of aerosols in the Arctic and its role for climate

The role of clouds and warm air masses from the open ocean for the rapid warming of the Arctic is at the heart of a recent Alfred Wegener Institute project on Svalbard. The researchers are applying a new

to the Arctic coastal-marine environment. CACOON Background Arctic rivers annually carry around 13% of all dissolved organic carbon transported globally from land to ocean, despite the Arctic Ocean making [...] Changing Arctic Carbon cycle in the cOastal Ocean Near-shore - CACOON No other region has warmed as much or as rapidly in the past decades as the Arctic. A new project, CACOON , investigates how the ecosystems [...] 1% of the Earth’s ocean volume. Arctic shelf waters are therefore dominated by terrestrial carbon pools, so that shelf ecosystems are intimately linked to freshwater supplies. Arctic ecosystems also contain

Earth compartments. MOSES primarily targets four events: heat waves, hydrological extreme events , ocean eddies and the thawing of permafrost . Hydrological extreme events Recent global projections predict [...] the Northern Hemisphere’s land mass and a large portion of the Siberian and North American shelves. Arctic warming occurs at a much higher rate (by up to 8 to 10 times) compared to the rest of the world.

snow represents an important fresh water input, which affects density and salinity layers of the ocean. Besides its direct climatic impact, the snow layer also adds to the uncertainty of sea ice thickness [...] vessel. Snow buoy, deployed on sea ice (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut) We deploy snow buoys in the Arctic and Antarctic. They are equipped with echo sounders to record changes at the snow surface. Buoy data

and Risks BMBF nuArctic: Towards a better understanding of the nutrient cycles in the ‘new’ Arctic Ocean and implications for future primary productivity and carbon export OceanICU : OceanICU is a Horizon [...] produce new data, information and understanding on the role of the Ocean in the global carbon cycle. ERC OceanPeak: The global ocean carbon cycle after peak emissions: Dynamics and process attribution [...] future ocean in the Earth system – quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points Horizon 2020: OceanNETs :