Arctic sea ice: a chain reaction Dr Thomas Krumpen, sea ice physicist and expert for satellite analyses at the Alfred Wegener Institute. Sea ice Application of satellite data Arctic Ocean IceBird For the [...] AWI are exploring the thickness and surface conditions of Arctic sea ice. We measure both properties in several key regions of the Arctic Ocean with autonomous buoys, on helicopter and aircraft measurement [...] important reference data set on the development of Arctic sea-ice cover worldwide. Those surveys indicate that the thickness of sea ice leaving the Arctic Ocean towards the North Atlantic has steadily decreased

which are a set of ocean and sea ice variables optimally combining observations and a model. The analysis fields are applied for a variety of ocean and sea ice studies in the Arctic Ocean, and also provide [...] used to synthesize model results and observed data in the Arctic Ocean. The systems have been successfully applied to North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Model (NAOSIM) developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute [...] Institute (AWI). We are currently working to apply the systems to Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2), also developed in AWI. Contact: Dr. Hiroshi Sumata Seasonal cycle (left) and interannual variation

Topics All Biodiversity Ice Sea Climate Regions All Arctic Antarctic North Sea Biodiversity Climate Arctic Arctic Species in Climate Change The Arctic is a habitat for specialists. Species living in the [...] conditions in the Arctic have changed more rapidly than in virtually any other ecosystem on the planet. Find out more Ice Climate Sea Arctic Antarctic Sea Ice Broad expanses of the Arctic Ocean and the Southern [...] Southern Ocean in the Antarctic are covered in sea ice. The ice plays a vital role in our climate system and is an important component of Arctic and Antarctic habitats. Find out more Sea Climate Arctic Antarctic

Arctic Ocean
On the seafloor of the shallow coastal regions north of Siberia, microorganisms produce methane when they break down plant remains. If this greenhouse gas finds its way into the water, [...] these coastal waters. As a result, the gas can be transported thousands of kilometres across the Arctic Ocean and released in a completely different region months later. This phenomenon is the subject of [...] current issue of the online journal Scientific Reports. Although this interaction between methane, ocean and ice has a significant influence on climate change, to date it has not been reflected in climate

Broad expanses of the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic are covered in sea ice. The ice plays a vital role in our climate system and is an important component of Arctic and Antarctic habitats [...] most frequently takes place in the Arctic and Antarctic. Depending on the season, the ice covers greater or lesser parts of the ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, the ocean gradually freezes over in the course [...] its highest extent in September. In summer, the Southern Ocean is virtually ice-free. The research aircraft Polar 6 flies over the Arctic Ocean during a sea ice thickness campagne. (Photo: Esther Horvath)

current long-term observations Atlantic Water is the main oceanic source of heat, salt, and nutrients of the Arctic Ocean. It enters the Arctic Ocean through the Barents Sea or Fram Strait. In the eastern [...] recirculates to the western Fram Strait on timescales of several months while the rest enters the Arctic Ocean and follows a cyclonic circulation for years to decades. The AWI long-term observations in Fram [...] around 4°C since. Two anomalous warm events occurred in fall 2006 and in late winter 2012. In the deep ocean, it was also observed that the two water masses present there (the warmer Eurasian Basin Deep Water

into the climate history of the Arctic Ocean. Using unique sediment samples from the Lomonosov Ridge, the researchers found that six to ten million years ago the central Arctic was completely ice-free during [...] winter, however, the ocean was covered by sea ice of variable extent, the scientists explain in the current issue of the journal Nature Communications. These new findings from the Arctic region provide new

Research focuses on areas in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. The studies include reconstructions of ice sheet dynamics, oceanic circulation and tectonic processes

ice influence the observed variability of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice? How do variations in melt and freeze rates impact the ocean and the atmosphere in the Arctic and Antarctic? What are the consequences [...] polar ocean due to Arctic sea ice retreat? We apply, improve, and develop various methods to study sea ice and snow processes in both hemispheres, including the interaction of atmosphere and ocean. Contact [...] are the reasons for the dramatic changes in Arctic sea ice during the last decades? Why is the development of sea ice in the Antarctic so different to the Arctic and shows strong regional differences? How

pigments in the changing Arctic Ocean, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen, DOI: 10.26092/elib/6052. 2021 Oelker J. (2021) Suitability of atmospheric satellite sensors for ocean applicaitons . PhD Thesis [...] (2024) Marine Big Data-driven Machine Learning Based Monitoring of Phytoplankton Groups in the Arctic Ocean . Department of Physics and Engineering, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany, Bremen, 12 Sep 2024 [...] 0 Pefanis, V. (2021) Loading of coloured dissolved organic matter in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea and its effects on the ocean heat budget, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen, DOI: 10.26092/elib/646. 2016