feedbacks, especially in the tropics, may be secondary, not primary, anthropogenic forcings. The hypotheses that invoke primary anthropogenic inputs are the possibility that emissions from ruminants (pri- marily [...] maximum anthropogenic radiative forcing to around 3 W/m2 (Meinshausen et al., 2011; Rogelj et al., 2012; see also IPCC, 2018). This very challenging target demands rapid and severe cuts on anthropogenic greenhouse [...] challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction

Antarctic natural resources is currently (still) prohibited under the Antarctic Treaty. Hence few anthropogenic acoustic sources exist in this region while the sea ice cover absorps sound more efficiently than [...] reducing ambient sound levels further. Spectrogram of 20060829-2207_PALAOA (Photo: OZA AWI) Anthropogenic sound Ship noise Polarstern in sea ice (Photo: AWI) Twice a year, the German research vessel

dry valleys and on high mountain ranges) and volcanic activity of Mt. Ere- bus. Nowadays, minor anthropogenic emissions, arising from fossil fuel combustion during research and tourism activities, may be [...] heavy metals (e.g. Pb, Cd, Cr) can be employed as valu- able tracers for the growing impact of anthropogenic heavy metal emissions for remote Antarctica (Wolff and Suttie, 1994; Wolff et al., 1999; Planchon

important implications for Southern Ocean phytoplankton ecology. By the year 2100, the ongoing anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will likely have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from

Quéric, N.-V., Schewe, I., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M., Klages, M. (2016). Natural variability or anthropogenically-induced variation? Insights from 15 years of multidisciplinary observations at the arctic marine

changes are also studied in such experiments. Large scale circulation changes as captured by anthropogenic tracers Contact: Michael Karcher The Arctic Ocean surface circulation is characterized by the [...] mark specific water masses on their paths through the Arctic. Such a tracer is 129 Iodine, an anthropogenic radionuclide which is dumped as waste into the Irish Sea and the North Sea by nuclear reprocessing

prominent and frequent hydroclimate extremes and whether there is a difference between natural and anthropogenic impact on Siberian hydrology by comparison of early Holocene and recent warming phases. To answer [...] from the Early Holocene with a similar temporal resolution, if achievable, to disentangle the anthropogenic and natural contribution. For investigations, primarily diatom-δ18O will be used to establish

constraints for 14C-free fossil CO2 emission changes on the global and regional scale. KEYWORDS: anthropogenic 14CO2 perturbations, bomb radiocarbon, global carbon cycle, tropospheric 14CO2 data. INTRODUCTION [...] test ban treaty in 1963. Today, the transient bomb-radiocarbon signal has levelled off, and the anthropogenic input of radiocarbon-free fossil CO2 into the atmosphere has become the dominant driver of the [...] of the 14C/C ratio in global atmospheric CO2 (Levin et al. 2010; Graven 2015). This 14CO2-free anthropogenic CO2 flux from the burning of fossil fuels and cement production has increased globally by more

Biological effects of marine organisms Pollutants of anthropogenic origin have also been polluting our oceans since the industrialization of the world. Coastal seas such as the North and Baltic Seas in

natural variations that would occur even if humans were absent. Information regarding the pre-anthropogenic state of the Holocene can be obtained either from proxies that record past climate and environmental