Climate Change
Over the next few decades, anthropogenic climate change and the resultant changes in the global water cycle will produce a significant rise in drought frequency in the Northern Hemisphere

constraints for 14C-free fossil CO2 emission changes on the global and regional scale. KEYWORDS: anthropogenic 14CO2 perturbations, bomb radiocarbon, global carbon cycle, tropospheric 14CO2 data. INTRODUCTION [...] test ban treaty in 1963. Today, the transient bomb-radiocarbon signal has levelled off, and the anthropogenic input of radiocarbon-free fossil CO2 into the atmosphere has become the dominant driver of the [...] of the 14C/C ratio in global atmospheric CO2 (Levin et al. 2010; Graven 2015). This 14CO2-free anthropogenic CO2 flux from the burning of fossil fuels and cement production has increased globally by more

feedbacks, especially in the tropics, may be secondary, not primary, anthropogenic forcings. The hypotheses that invoke primary anthropogenic inputs are the possibility that emissions from ruminants (pri- marily [...] maximum anthropogenic radiative forcing to around 3 W/m2 (Meinshausen et al., 2011; Rogelj et al., 2012; see also IPCC, 2018). This very challenging target demands rapid and severe cuts on anthropogenic greenhouse [...] challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction

. . . . . . . . . . . . 168 x 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation The Earth’s climate is changing. Anthropogenic activities, mainly fossil fuel combustion, cement manufacturing, and land use change, have increased [...] gas emissions (IPCC, 2013). It additionally acts as a carbon sink. About 25% of the released anthropogenic CO2 was taken up by the ocean (Friedlingstein et al., 2019). As a consequence, the ocean is warming [...] altitude with a maximum at 20 to 25 km, however, ozone is also present in the troposphere due to anthropogenic activities. Nitrogen oxides NOx (NO, NO2) are also found in both layers. The main source of NOx

a research team led by Alfred Wegener Institute scientists investigated what long-term impact anthropogenic climate change will have on ocean eddies and their far-reaching effects. Using climate model

of regional temperature fluctuations over the last 8000 years. The consequence: In addition to anthropogenic warming additional changes in regional climates are expected due to natural variability.

Over the past 200 years, our planet’s oceans have absorbed more than a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As a result, their acidity has increased by nearly 30 percent their

Antarctic natural resources is currently (still) prohibited under the Antarctic Treaty. Hence few anthropogenic acoustic sources exist in this region while the sea ice cover absorps sound more efficiently than [...] reducing ambient sound levels further. Spectrogram of 20060829-2207_PALAOA (Photo: OZA AWI) Anthropogenic sound Ship noise Polarstern in sea ice (Photo: AWI) Twice a year, the German research vessel

Anthropogenic climate change has, together with the intensive use and destruction of natural ecosystems through agriculture, fishing and industry, sparked an unprecedented loss of biodiversity that continues

al. 2013, ANTON et al. 2019, BAILEY et al. 2020). Die Verbreitung von Tieren und Pflanzen durch anthropogene Aktivitäten reicht weit in die Vergangenheit zurück, kann zum Teil nur vermutet werden oder lässt [...] man Arten, bei denen es den gut begründeten Verdacht gibt, dass sie in der Vergangenheit durch anthropogene Aktivitäten an europäische und letztlich deutsche Küsten gelangt sind. Die Amerikanische Schw [...] Neuzugang im Helgoländer Felswatt auftauchte. Sie gilt aber nicht als eingeschleppt in Folge anthropogener Aktivitäten und ist so- mit kein nichtheimischer Neophyt im engeren Sinne. Möglicherweise ist