utilised seas, and in the past centuries it has undergone significant changes as a result of anthropogenic influences. The various uses have particularly affected the sea’s ecosystems: native species and

environments provide essential supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services. Anthropogenic stressors such as nutrient input from agriculture, pollution, sediment dumping, and user pressures

control on the global carbon cycle and is considered to be responsible for 40% of uptake of anthropogenic CO2, playing therefore a pivotal role in the global climate system. Southern Ocean phytoplankton

Thermosalinography, xBTs) and handle the associated data. Causes of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change will be discussed in the context of international climate negotiations, as well

Gerdts, Matthew James Slater (ZAF)) AWI Strategy funding project OMAP - Oysters and mussels under anthropogenic pressure: Does microplastic limit the tolerance to climate change of ecologically and economically

analysing historical time series of direct temperature measurements. Information regarding the pre-anthropogenic state of the system can be obtained either by reconstructing the climatic and environmental conditions

Arctic and Antarctic is difficult because natural variability is large, masking the evidence of anthropogenic influences. Atmospheric measurements of surface energy balance, heat and moisture fluxes, cloud

we can alter parameters like light, temperature and nutrients – all of which are affected by anthropogenic climate change in the real world – in a controlled way, which allows us to investigate their impact

are currently changing more rapidly than at almost any time in Earth’s history. This is due to anthropogenic factors, which on the one hand have individual effects, but which are also mutually reinforcing

Bremerhaven, as a container building placed on a platform some meters above the snow. Concerning anthropogenic pollutants, the Antarctic atmosphere is "ultra clean". Thus local pollution by vehicles and the