activities. Part of the observed global warming during the past 100 years is attributed to these anthropogenic impacts. This course provides the evidence of climate variations on all time-scales, and presents [...] the distribution of pH along the A16 line in the Atlantic (Figure 2) and recent work examining anthropogenic induced changes in pH in the Atlantic (Woosley et al., 2016). Figure 6: Calculated distribution [...] a focus on ecology and physiology of fish, benthic invertebrates and zooplankton, as well as anthropogenic impacts on marine environments (environmental impact assessments) and habitat mapping. At the

average annual temperature of the earth caused by different factors accelerated exponentially by anthropogenic effect” E “Every day there are more and more natural disasters due to not taking care of things

g., temperature, oxygen conditions and current speed. All factors are subject to natural and anthropogenic variability, e.g., altering flooding frequency and changing salinity zones due to sea level rise [...] preservation and eventually long-term sequestration (Mcleod et al., 2011). However, the influence of anthropogenic drainage systems by, e.g., the use of artificial ditches in salt marshes of the Wadden Sea, likely [...] the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park: a chance to enhance the blue carbon potential of anthropogenically modified salt marshes 5.1. Policy background Most salt marshes in Germany are part of the Wadden

and methane for centuries. As such, it may not be possible to quickly solve the problem that anthropogenic climate change has created, especially when irreversible changes take place in the permafrost

organischer Kohlenstoff im Sediment gespeichert werden kann (Keil 2017; Legge et al. 2020). Weitere anthropogene Einflüsse, wie z. B. Baumaßnahmen, wirken als zusätzliche Stressoren auf das Blue­Carbon­Potenzial [...] Environmental Research Letters 11(11): e113001. DOI: 10.1088/1748­9326/11/11/113001 Keil R. (2017): Anthropogenic forcing of carbonate and organic carbon preservation in marine sediments. Annual Review of Marine [...] Nolte S. (2021): Livestock grazing reduces sediment deposition and accretion rates on a highly anthropogenically altered marsh island in the Wadden Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 251: e107191. DOI:

studies showed highly decadal scale BC deposition variabil- ity during the last 150 yr, but an anthropogenic impact could not be assessed (Bisiaux et al., 2012a and b). In this paper we present an analysis [...] and consistent spring / early summer concentration maximum. Nevertheless, with- out much doubt anthropogenic combustion derived emis- sions will perpetually grow around and within continental Antarctica [...] R., and Jacob, D.: Continental scale Antarctic deposition of sul- phur and black carbon from anthropogenic and volcanic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 2457–2465,doi:10.5194/acp-10-2457- 2010, 2010. Hansen

natural Holocene polar climate variability is a key to determine the range of plausible future anthropogenic climate change. My Ph.D. project aims at improving our understanding of the climate signal and

Wegener Institut) Arctic permafrost landscapes change rapidly under the influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. My research focuses on the dynamics of disturbances, their landscape-scale impacts

W.-J. von Appen, 2016: Transient tracer distributions in the Fram Strait in 2012 and inferred anthropogenic carbon content and transport, Ocean Science, 12, 319–333; dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-319-2016

warming by absorbing most of the excess heat in the climate system and a large fraction of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. However, over the past years the Southern Ocean has experienced drastic