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of glaciers and ice sheets Floating Ice: sea, river, and lake ice Seasonal snow cover Changing permafrost Polar coastlines Oceanography of polar seas Hydrology of inland waters Polar land cover and land

Integrated Marine Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Research. www.imber.info IPA : International Permafrost Association Data portal. ipa.arcticportal.org/resources/data.html ICES : International Council

Geosciences (atmosphere, ocean, ice and land) · Coastal systems · Terrestrial Arctic ecosystems and permafrost · Marine and polar life · Marine bioeconomy (aquaculture) · Marine data science ( MarDATA ) The

and Tiedemann, R. (2018): Deglacial mobilization of pre-aged terrestrial carbon from degrading permafrost , Nature Communications, 9 (1), p. 3666, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06080-w . Werner, M. , Jouzel [...] ions, 6 (6309), pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1038/ncomms7309 . Köhler, P. , Knorr, G. and Bard, E. (2014): Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød , Nature [...] C. Contoux, M. Chandler, N Tan, Q Zhang, S Hunter, Y Kamae 2023: Highly restricted near-surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120

continental slopes to the bottom waters of the shallow shelves, some of which contain submarine permafrost and gas hydrates. Offshore-directed winds in winter frequently open leads and polynyas in the ice