to obtain the respective c-PSC. 3.1.3 Phytoplankton Functional Types from NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model The NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) is a global biogeochemical model with cou- pled circulation [...] Kilias, Estelle, Hardge, K., et al. . 2015. Plankton ecology and biogeochemistry in a changing Arctic Ocean – Overview of long-term 58 Sy-4SciPFT-PVR- SY-4Sci Synergy R & D Study 4: Version 3.3 D2.4-AWI-IUP [...] the Southern Ocean: Mean Patterns, Trends and the Role f Climate Oscillations. Remote Sensing, 8, 420. C. Swan, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Laufkötter, C. 2016. A global seasonal surface ocean climatology

Transfer in the Ocean Including Inelastic Scattering Processes Using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Model SCIATRAN. Poster presentation at Colour and Light in the Ocean from Earth Observation [...] knowledge on PFT algorithms and ecology to two studies of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel assessing oceanic emissions and the link to specific PFT abundances (Booge et al. 2016, Schlundt et [...] other ocean-colour algorithms, such as standard Chla retrievals (RD-13). The direction for new satellite sensor construction for obtaining high quality PFT products from multi- and hyperspectral ocean colour

attenuation coefficient at 490 nm OC ------------------- Ocean Colour OC-CCI ------------- Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative OLCI ----------------- Ocean and Land Colour Instrument PFT ------------------ [...] com/channel/UCxseMj2r9jMDq-LjKzUOIVg/featured 6) Arctic Ocean MSM93 expedition contribution to newsletter of German Science Foundation Transregio Arctic Amplification: www.ac3- tr.de/download/n [...] reasonable spatial scale for ocean monitoring and improving statistical /empirical PFT retrievals. 3) Oelker J. (2021) “Suitability of atmospheric satellite sensors for ocean color applications” PhD Thesis

support the development of strategies for adaptation and mitigation. Topic 2: Oceans and Cryosphere in Climate How do oceans and the cryosphere drive climate change, and how can we better predict future [...] profound changes, with significant impacts on humanity. Central to these changes are the polar regions, oceans, and coastal and shelf seas, which play crucial roles in regulating the Earth's climate and supporting [...] ty and have a critical influence on both regional and global climate by affecting sea-ice cover, ocean circulation, atmospheric conditions and finally coastal areas. The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)

Bremerhaven Nutrient Facility Observatories Ocean: FRAM Water: COSYNA Meteorology Geophysics Ships Polarstern Heincke Uthörn Mya II Aade Stations Neumayer Station III Arctic Station AWIPEV Kohnen Station Marine

expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Over the next two months, an international research team will analyse the feedback effects between global warming and sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean. [...] News Investigating unexplored ocean currents to the north of Greenland The scarcely explored region to the north of Greenland was the area of study in the last of three Arctic expeditions undertaken by the [...] data on ocean circulation in the area. A chain of six moorings was also deployed to conduct autonomous measurements over the course of a full year. Important phenomenon discovered in the Arctic An international

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IODP/ICDP drill proposals. Formation of the Arctic Basin Polarstern for geophysics in the Arctic Ocean Research projects on the formation of the Arctic Ocean Development of the North Atlantic Deepwater [...] modification of oceanic crust, and modification of regional palaeo-circulation. Palaeo-topography and dynamic modifications of the seafloor strongly affect the pathways of the oceanic circulation and the [...] and its precursors? Follow this link Gateways of the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current

y in the Arctic Ocean may transition from being predominantly light-controlled to being more nutrient-controlled. Also, the phenomenon of ocean acidification is most pronounced in the Arctic due to the [...] temporal scales of phyoplankton activity (Graphic: Phytochange) Focus – The Arctic is warming faster than any other oceanic region of the planet and its sea-ice cover is declining faster than models predict [...] e Lüdeling) FRAM - Our Work group is also involved in the context of the Arctic long-term observatory FRAM (Frontiers of Arctic Monitoring) . Based on innovative developments as well as approved technologies

emulators and foundation models for: Sea ice, ocean, and climate systems. High-resolution downscaling for local climate insights. AI-based diagnostics for tracking ocean eddies and other key processes. AI-powered [...] Climate Change Investigating fundamental climate processes, including: Large-scale atmospheric and ocean circulation. Climate variability and long-term climate trends. The role of polar regions in shaping [...] simulations, and theory. Model Development FESOMx – The next-generation Finite volumE Element Sea Ice-Ocean Model, designed for: High performance (GPU-ready, Python-based, mixed-precision). Modular and scalable