was first implemented to its full extend in 2012/13 during Polarstern expedition ANT-XXIX/2, yet subsets of the system existed in various configurations since 2002, allowing for the development and [...] positions (green) of ice-resilient Argo floats deployed during Polarstern expedition PS 103. (copy 2) Fig. 5. Schematic of mooring array extending from Kapp Norvegia towards the Antarctic Peninsula, deployed during Polarstern expedition PS 103. Moorings are anchored at the bottom by weights and held upright through floatation elements (both not shown).