into the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. Why are they important? Because information on the past composition of the atmosphere is stored in the ice. Over the decades, layer after layer of snow [...] content, the staff can determine when there were past volcanic eruptions. Another question is how the temperature developed in e.g. the Antarctic hundreds of thousands of years ago. In this regard, the water’s [...] and head of the ice-core drilling group in Bremerhaven. Since they can’t simply turn back the clock, the scientists rely on laborious measuring methods to test the ice cores. These rods of glacier ice

Marine Protected Area The Weddell Sea lies in the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic, to the east of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is one of the few remaining marine regions in the world that are largely untouched [...] Protected Areas? With an area of 2.2 million square kilometres, the Weddell Sea MPA ( area west of the Prime Meridian ) would be the largest MPA in the world. The declared goal of the United Nations is to protect [...] exploration of the southern continent and its waters for all time. To define more precisely how the living resources of Antarctic waters could be used, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine

and study the local influences of the sea, the ice and the atmosphere on the Weddell Sea and global processes. August - October 2008 – RV Polarstern is the first research vessel in the world to circumnavigate [...] care is still fit for the trip to the ice. Birthday spends the research icebreaker in the vastness of Antarctica. The public can visit the ship in June, before it traveled the southern hemisphere for a year [...] During the Polarstern’s 29th Antarctic expedition, the researchers on board investigate the status of the Antarctic ecosystem after the polar winter, as well as the causes of differences in the development

role of the oceans. He is a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and in 2005, he received the Lewis Fry Richardson medal [...] 2015 Prof. Lynne D. Talley , Scripps Institution of Oceanography elaborated the " Role of the Southern Ocean in the Global Overturning Circulation ". About a hundred colleagues from Bremen and Bremerhaven [...] is professor of Dynamical Oceanography at the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht and director of the Centre for Complex Systems Studies within the Department of Physics of Utrecht University

studies in biology at the University of Bremen and then returned to the AWI and especially to the labs. Here, the supervision of our microalgal stock culture collection, the realization of lab experiments on [...] content are also part of the spectrum of my tasks in the group, besides the preparation of expeditions and ordering logistics. "What will happen tomorrow?" is an important question for me, not just regarding [...] faster than the global average. The influx of warm Atlantic water and the rapid melting of glaciers, releasing sediments and freshwater, make Svalbard a unique place to study the effects of climate change

rising and the Wadden Sea ecosystems are changing rapidly (Figure 1). At the Wadden Sea station of Sylt we have one of the most detailed and species rich marine time series in the world. The so-called Sylt [...] years, much of the work on the LTER has focused on key species and their role in habitat stability and species function. The demise of and introduction of species especially in the context of resilience [...] and taxonomical biodiversity of the North Sea, as well as the computation of flows of energy and nutrients through the system also via models. We aim to integrate the different data sets using modelling

time-scales, the spatial extent of the variations is increasing (space-time structure) Correlation of interannual temperature variations in Brussels with temperature variations in the rest of the world in a climate [...] basis for the quantitative use of paleoclimate records. The instrumental record is only a snapshot of our climate record. Two recent advances allow a deeper use of the paleo-record: (1) the increased [...] itut) Lake & Sea ice algae Lake & Sea-ice algae The seasonal extent and properties of Arctic ice on land and in the ocean determine the efficacy of the albedo feedback mechanism causing arctic climate

exchange, the rise and the lowering of the cage needs sufficient stops to prevent barotrauma of the fish. The sea bass can tolerate temperatures in the North Sea, but the average temperature of 10 ° C in [...] flow velocities of 5-10 cm s -1 for optimal nutrient and CO 2 exchange on the surface of the thalli, as well as for the reduction of growth of epiphyts. In strong currents, the thalli of macroalgae become [...] materials. Cod is one of the species with the highest rate of the escapees, which can have a negative impact on the wild population by cross-breeding. The extreme temperature tolerance range of -1 ° C to 23 °

concept for the use of the caught mitten crabs. One goal is to develop a long-term financing concept for the expansion and permanent operation of the traps. Another topic will be the development of the necessary [...] feed on other crustaceans as well. In addition to the growth rate of the animals, we also focus on the digestibility of the feed. The prototype of the trap has been in Belgium since 2019 (Photo: Alfre [...] Successful control of invasive mitten crabs with an innovative trap concept The mitten crab is on the IUCN's list of the world's 100 most dangerous invasive species. In Germany, the crab is found in large

s exist for parts of the Canadian Beaufort Sea, we know little about the distribution of submarine permafrost for most of the shallow Arctic Shelf, over 80% of which lies offshore of Eastern Siberia. [...] retreat and transgression, the evolution of permafrost beneath the sea floor, factors and processes determining the global distribution of submarine permafrost and the influence of future climate system changes [...] We need to know more about the current distribution and state of permafrost beneath the ocean, about what cause sit thaw, where and how quickly. This group addresses key questions surrounding permafrost