processes and the resulting environmental changes are needed to answer those questions. The study of structure of the crust and the upper mantle of [...] What do we know about the development of North Atlantic Deepwater and its precursors? Follow this link Gateways of the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current shore (Photo:

to experience a unique exhibition ranging from the history of the North Sea to the future of marine research. Among other things, the focus will be on an 80,000-litre aquarium showing Helgoland's underwater world. The project is financed with around 20 million euros from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the state of Schleswig-Holstein [...] into the world of the North Sea and its exploration. Exhibition design and planning (Photo: studio klv Berlin) Design draft for the new

values in ice and water samples from the Arctic and Antarctic, as well as the δ 13 C values of dissolved inorganic carbon in the water of the polar oceans. In addition, our [...] quality (Fig. 6). Fig 6: δ 18 O analysis data of the house standards Ocean and DML as well as data of the control standard IA-RO63. It can be seen that the SD of the DML house standard [...] addition, the δ 15 N values of the organic matter also provide information on the efficiency of the biological pump if terrigenous input can be

Kongsfjorden (79° N), Svalbard, the worlds northernmost cabled Underwater Observatory close to Ny Ålesund had its first major revision. Since the installation of the [...] . Only about four weeks later, mid of March 2017 the second dive-mission was scheduled. Meanwhile the daylight was back on 79°N but, unfortunately [...] expedition in the frame of our time-travel into the future ocean with conditions predicted by the recent IPCC report for the oceans at the end of the

regions are favoured habitats for humankind with more than half of the world’s population living less than 50 kilometres away from the sea. Due to the increasing effects of global change, many of these [...] and scenarios, coastal defence becomes increasingly important for the protection of our coastlines. A good example for this development is the North Sea, were more than 80 % of the coastline is already [...] layer dynamics and attendant geno- and phenotypic capabilities of its biosphere. Central to the success of the project are the development of in situ approaches through diving and custom-designed

as well as to models that focus on specific regions of the world. An increasing number of measurement data, advances in the understanding of climate physics and new powerful supercomputers [...] have meanwhile been downloaded thousands of times from the corresponding database. The second area is about the concrete application of the models for climate change predictions. Our key questions are: What possible changes will climate change bring for the polar regions, the mid-latitudes and the rest of the world? What

Climate change is not just an abstract, complex change of weather statistics. Climate change is present in the weather of every single day – and it is not the same each day! Consider a summer [...] algorithms, among other things. This will give climate researchers the ability to directly share, compare, and evaluate their findings with each other. The data products of the sixth phase of CMIP (CMIP6 [...] subproject of CMIP6, ScenarioMIP, involved a total of about 27 institutions worldwide with 32 to 38 (depending on the scenario) different models or

of new technology and further innovation, and the advancement of international cooperation in the circumpolar regions of the world. We [...] of international co-operation in the circumpolar regions of the world. The theme of the 16th ICRSS is Convergence at the Poles – Addressing urgent research questions and management needs through remote sensing in the Arctic and Antarctic. The 16th ICRSS is being hosted at the University of Alaska

questions were taken up and discussed in the subsequent discussion. 21 July 2020 In the frame of the German EU Council Presidency, a number [...] about important facts of permafrost thawing. A survey at the beginning of the event showed that the topic was new to most participants but of great interest, and also that not all of them were located in the area of Berlin (one even in Luxembourg!) and knew about the workshop

of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INMRAS). The AWI share is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education [...] are investigated. The exceedance of critical temperature thresholds in the Southern Ocean can lead to an irreversible collapse of the West-Antarctic Ice [...] by World Meteorological Organization’s World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) as a key component of the Polar Prediction Project (PPP). YOPP