network. The mission of the “Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring” (FRAM) infrastructure is to support synchronous year-round integrated system observations of one of the fastest changing regions of the Earth [...] information about the dynamics of the pack ice. 06 Ice tethered Bio-Optical Buoy (IBOB): consists of 3 sensor modules, one in the ice, one directly below the ice and one 5 meters below the ice. Measures [...] attribute the impact of anthropogenic activity and natural phenomena on the marine ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Long-term data set of 3 phytoplankton functional types in the Arctic by synergistic use of hyper-

L−1) along the cruise track. The middle line in each panel shows the exact position of the cruise track. The dashed lines show the approximate location of clusters 2 and 4. The order of the colour bars [...] salinity (World Ocean Atlas 2009) and results from a cruise sampling the Atlantic Upwelling (Zindler et al. 2012). 2.1 State of the Art of knowledge of PFT and DMS emissions The complexity of the link between [...] Introduction 1.1 Scope of the document This technical note summarizes the activities in WP 250 as response to SR-3 of the requirement baseline, SoW Annex D (RD-3, Annex D), in light of the SynSen-PFT proposed

constituted 97% of the water sample for the cyanobacteria absorption spectrum. For most of the cases, we chose to use the absorption spectra of natural samples since the pigmentation of cultures might differ [...] depending on the application. In the first method, we look for the spectral regions in the derivatives (second and fourth) of the absorption spectra with strongest features. The wavelengths of maxima of spectral [...] appearances of (each of) the derivative crossing zero. The bands of highest frequencies of zero crossing are highlighted and indicate possible placement of the bands. Many features are the same for both

sources and mechanisms of NPF and the influence on CCN concentra- tions in the remote atmosphere of the Southern Ocean. The work of Korhonen et al. (2008) revealed a weaker impact of DMS-derived secondary [...] wheremv is the molecular mass of the vapour (98 g mole−1), ρ is the density of the condensed vapour (1.6 g cm−3 as- suming a H2SO4/H2O mixture of 68 % H2SO4 by weight at 273 K), vmol is the gas kinetic [...] in the size distribution be- low 10 nm (according to the manufacturer, uncertainties in the size range between 10 and 6 nm could be about a factor of 1.5–2 higher for the DMA 3081 compared to the DMA

constant of proportionality. • c, the concentration of the absorbing species within the sample. • l, the length of the optical path traveled by light, that is, the length of the path within which the light [...] represent, respectively, the start date of the period of interest, the date that is used during the loop, and the end date of the period of interest. The cycle begins by assigning cdate the same value as sdate [...] between the different types of plankton and the rest of the oceanic food web is offered by Figure 2 below. Figure 2 | Model of interactions between the different types of plankton and the rest of the oceanic

In fact, the overall good weather conditions lasted until the end of the cruise. On 10th of June, we finally reached the study area of this expedition, the LTER observatory HAUSGARTEN in the Fram Strait [...] quantitative analysis. The molecular samples serve the continuation of observations of the diversity of microbial communities (Fadeev et al., under review) in the framework of the FRAM project. 24-hour [...] oxygen sensors are also used by the microprofiler to map the vertical distribution of oxygen in the pore waters of the uppermost 10-15 cm of sediment. In steps of a tenth of a millimetre, three sensors are

(POC dry wt %) of 0.1 % (Southern Bight) to 1.9 % (south east of the Helgoland mud area) or 2 % (TOC dry wt%) (southern part of the Helgoland mud area) respectively in sediments of the German North Sea [...] 1997; Müller et al., 2024). Outside of the German part of the North Sea a first estimate (Diesing et al., 2017) of POC storage in the top 10 cm of sub- tidal sediments of the north west European shelf is 0 [...] 79) kgC m− 2. The major carbon deposition center of the North Sea (outside of Germany) is the Norwegian Trough (Skagerrak), accounting for about 87 % of the total Corg accumulation in the total North Sea

NOAA SST data into the BSH operational circulation model for the North and Baltic Seas: Part 2. Sensitivity of the forecast's skill to the prior model error statistics. Journal of Marine Systems , 120 [...] assimilation of physical and biogeochemical observations. in Proceedings of the 10th EuroGOOS International Conference. "European Operational Oceanography for the ocean we want - Addressing the UN Ocean Decade [...] Janssen, F. (2012). Assimilating NOAA SST data into the BSH operational circulation model for the North and Baltic Seas: Inference about the data. Journal of Marine Systems , 105-108, pp. 152-162, doi:10.1016/j

different roles in the biogeochemical cycle of the oceans. Diatoms are the major silicifiers in the ocean with frustules made of dissolved silicic acid, influencing the cycle of silica in the oceans. Similarly [...] each spectrum and the polynomial coefficients. Where Si is the fit factor of the ith atmospheric absorber and Sj the fit factor of the jth PFT and Sk for the kth pseudo absorber. xl is the lth polynomial [...] LUTs The RTM SCIATRAN version 3.4 (Rozanov et al. , 2002, 2014) was used for the radiative transfer simulations to derive the relationship between the Chla of PFTs and the ratio of the PFT and the VRS fit

Arga Island in the NW part of the delta. The third river terrace is the oldest geomorphological unit of the Lena Delta, shaped by the extremely cold climate of the last glacial period when the area was not [...] assumed. At the bottom of the snow layer, the remaining shortwave radiation flux is assigned as energy input to the uppermost soil grid cell. The albedo of the snow is calculated as a function of the difference [...] version of CryoGrid 3 so that the sum of the volumetric contents of ice and water re- mains constant (for simplicity, the densities of ice and wa- ter are assumed equal). The phase change of the soil wa-