n ice sheets extended as far as Schleswig-Holstein and Brandenburg; the North Sea coast lay north of England. Today’s North Sea Basin was covered with tundra, like what we now see in eastern Siberia. Today’s [...] sed by perpetual ice in the Antarctic, and fluctuating ice extents in the Arctic, North America and Europe. The North German landscape is a legacy of the last glacial 20,000 years ago. When this period [...] Today’s Arctic, with ice-covered Greenland, Siberian permafrost and sea ice at the North Pole, is a holdover of that glacial world. But for how much longer? As geoscientists, we provide insights to help

understand natural fluctuations and directed climatic changes in benthic communities in the North Sea. In the German North Sea, the animal communities of the seafloor experience substantial interannual fluctuations

volume of the Arctic sea ice in winter – and in theory, enough to completely fill the Baltic Sea with ice. FAQ EN Where can sea ice be found? How is sea ice formed? How thick does sea ice get? What are the [...] between Arctic and Antarctic sea ice? How much sea ice is there? What lives on, in and below sea ice? How does sea ice differ from other types of ice? How much has the Arctic sea ice declined in recent years [...] calve from glaciers and ice sheets and drift out to sea are not sea ice, either. Sea ice that is only a few years old has virtually no influence on the sea level, as it is formed on the ocean, floats atop

Transfer offices at the AWI Antarctic Office Marine Biodiversity Change Arctic Office North Sea Office Climate Office

computer-based model, they were able to show that warm water from the Atlantic flows into the European North Sea and ultimately into the cavern under the glacier tongue, where it melts the ice from below. Their [...] Greenland's ice-sheet
The Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier – also known as the 79° North Glacier – on the northeast coast of Greenland flows directly into a fjord, where it forms an 80-kilometre-long tongue [...] pave the way for more precise projections on the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet and increasing sea level rise from global warming.

Sea Ice
The Arctic sea ice continues to dwindle: Since the 1970s, when satellites first began monitoring the white sheet covering the Arctic Ocean, its February extent was never as small as it was this [...] which are not only hitting the Arctic more frequently, but are also intensifying and reaching farther north.

for both, the North and the Baltic Sea, bringing MU-LTA related key sectors together. The project started in January 2023 with three pilot studies, two in the Baltic and one in the North Sea. Amongst the [...] OLAMUR Offshore Low-Trophic Aquaculture in Multi-use Scenario Realisation in North and Baltic Seas The effects of climate change on the ecosystems and society reveal the need moving away from fossil to [...] 8 Muschelfischereibetrieb GmbH) are participating actively by conducting the case study in the North Sea. Therefore, in the framework of a case study site within the OLAMUR-Project the working group Marine

and physics of sea ice as well as the effects of sea ice retreat on the entire ocean system from the surface to the deep sea. Eleven years ago, Antje Boetius was part of the largest ever sea ice minumum in [...] set off from Tromsø, Norway, towards the North Pole. For two months, a good fifty scientific expedition participants will explore the Arctic in transition as sea ice extent reaches its annual minimum in [...] in the Arctic and its consequences for life in the deep sea. Now she is returning with her team to compare the state of the Arctic today - also with the data from the MOSAiC expedition 2019/20.

we started in the marginal sea ice zone east of Svalbard, and then set course north into the central Arctic Ocean.The marginal sea ice zone was mostly covered with decaying sea ice and some larger ice-free

jointly generate a particularly large set of time series, in the Arctic, Antarctic as well as the North Sea. These data are used in the context of AWI research programmes, but also in a range of external [...] (Neumayer-Station III) Magnetics (Neumayer-Station III) Infrasound (Neumayer-Station III) Biology North Sea Arctic (Fram and Svalbard) Antarctic Oceanography Arctic Time series Antarctic time series Terrestrial [...] ecosystems and therefore mankind, is exceedingly difficult. The study of atmospheric, open ocean, deep sea or even processes in shallow coastal waters require sustained long-term observations often deploying