we do about the ocean depths. Yet the deep sea is not a habitat fully separated from the surface; it is already undergoing dramatic changes in response to warmer water, ocean acidification and environmental [...] the so-called mid-oceanic ridges – volcanically active mountain chains that usually extend one to three kilometres above the seafloor and can be found in all (of) the world’s oceans. With a total length [...] standards. For another, food is harder to come by. The central Arctic Ocean is largely covered with ice and – unlike the Antarctic’s Southern Ocean – surrounded by landmasses. Exchanges with the Atlantic and Pacific

life in the ocean, in particular carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, as driven by physical, biological and chemical processes. Marine biogeochemical cycles play a relevant role in ocean productivity [...] system. The elements of the biogeochemical cycles are considered essential ocean variables (EOV) as defined by the Global Ocean Observing System. In order to study biogeochemical cycles, we need to measure [...] alkalinity, which provides information about the buffer capacity of seawater, relevant to study ocean acidification. The facility is divided in three modules based on scientific topics, as follows. Nutrients:

Nöthig Research The Arctcic Ocean reacts more sensitive to Gloabal Change than other oceans. Sea ice strongly decraeses, temperatures rise at least twice as much, acidification and, the influence of warmer [...] mainly as part of projects such as FRAM, LTER HAUSGARTEN, PEBCAO in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. The main goal of our arctic research is to understand and follow seasonal and interannual fluctuations [...] Key aspect is to measure the changes of all parameters in relation to rise in temperature and acidification.

IPCC Climate Change Ocean acidification Anthropogenic climate change is altering the living conditions in the ocean more dramatically than in the past 50 to 300 million years. The oceans are becoming warmer [...] which chemically react with constituents of seawater, making the oceans more acidic. But that’s not all: for various reasons, warming oceans store less oxygen. In other words, they gradually lose their lifeblood [...] in the seas simultaneously reduces the number of safe havens remaining to them. Increasing ocean acidification puts organisms under additional pressure. Further, these three climate impacts are mutually

influences. One of our priority questions is how environmental parameters (temperature, hypoxia, ocean acidification, pollution) and their combination affect fish, mussels and snails. One focus is on the cellular

PACOCV_4.png (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) PACOCV_1.png (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Ocean acidification affects calcifying species, particularly those living at or near the saturation stage of the [...] complementary expedition in the frame of our time-travel into the future ocean with conditions predicted by the recent IPCC report for the oceans at the end of the century. It was the last trip within the third-part [...] Max Schwanitz, September 2017 _________________________ Stopover of our time-travel into the future ocean to investigate the growth of cold-water corals PACOCV_3.png (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) PACOCV_4

ng of colonisation and expatriation processes. Projects BioAcid II: Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification ( www.bioacid.de ) Cleopatra: Climate effects on planktonic food quality and trophic transfer [...] physiological responses of dominant species to climate chance to predict their role in the future Arctic Ocean. Feeding biology and trophic interactions of key species Who feeds who“ is one of the major factors [...] ( www.mare-incognitum.no/index.php/cleopatra-ii ) Transdrift: The transpolar system of the Arctic Ocean: ( www.transdrift.info ) Fram: Frontiers in Arctic Monitoring Members of the working group PD. Dr

marine organisms in the fjords of Spitsbergen react to increased UV radiation and increasing ocean acidification. The geosciences, on the other hand, focus on changes in permafrost soils and glacier systems [...] Without Borders in the Arctic The Svalbard archipelago is located east of Greenland in the Arctic Ocean. The archipelago is home to Ny-Ålesund, one of the northernmost settlements in the world. Depending

highest authority Dr Katja Mintenbeck, marine biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute. IPCC Ocean acidification At regular intervals, the International Panel on Climate Change is faced with a mammoth task

different habitats (e.g.: in the water column and on the bottom). Ocean warming, ocean acidification and decreasing oxygen in the world's oceans in the wake of rapid climate change pose a challenge to all life