influences. One of our priority questions is how environmental parameters (temperature, hypoxia, ocean acidification, pollution) and their combination affect fish, mussels and snails. One focus is on the cellular

IPCC Climate Change Ocean acidification Anthropogenic climate change is altering the living conditions in the ocean more dramatically than in the past 50 to 300 million years. The oceans are becoming warmer [...] which chemically react with constituents of seawater, making the oceans more acidic. But that’s not all: for various reasons, warming oceans store less oxygen. In other words, they gradually lose their lifeblood [...] in the seas simultaneously reduces the number of safe havens remaining to them. Increasing ocean acidification puts organisms under additional pressure. Further, these three climate impacts are mutually

Nöthig Research The Arctcic Ocean reacts more sensitive to Gloabal Change than other oceans. Sea ice strongly decraeses, temperatures rise at least twice as much, acidification and, the influence of warmer [...] mainly as part of projects such as FRAM, LTER HAUSGARTEN, PEBCAO in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. The main goal of our arctic research is to understand and follow seasonal and interannual fluctuations [...] Key aspect is to measure the changes of all parameters in relation to rise in temperature and acidification.

life in the ocean, in particular carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, as driven by physical, biological and chemical processes. Marine biogeochemical cycles play a relevant role in ocean productivity [...] system. The elements of the biogeochemical cycles are considered essential ocean variables (EOV) as defined by the Global Ocean Observing System. In order to study biogeochemical cycles, we need to measure [...] alkalinity, which provides information about the buffer capacity of seawater, relevant to study ocean acidification. The facility is divided in three modules based on scientific topics, as follows. Nutrients:

we do about the ocean depths. Yet the deep sea is not a habitat fully separated from the surface; it is already undergoing dramatic changes in response to warmer water, ocean acidification and environmental [...] the so-called mid-oceanic ridges – volcanically active mountain chains that usually extend one to three kilometres above the seafloor and can be found in all (of) the world’s oceans. With a total length [...] standards. For another, food is harder to come by. The central Arctic Ocean is largely covered with ice and – unlike the Antarctic’s Southern Ocean – surrounded by landmasses. Exchanges with the Atlantic and Pacific

sea-ice and ocean dynamics in the Laptev Sea and to investigate the ecological consequences of environmental changes in key regions of the transpolar drift, and to study effects of ocean acidification on marine [...] communities as well as to develop next-generation sensors for in situ measurements and to conduct acidification experiments at the deep seafloor. In the frame of the „European Strategy Forum on Research In

Stefan Hendricks) The Arctic Ocean Unlike at the southern tip of the planet, in the High North there is no continent, only an ocean. These waters, also known as the Arctic Ocean, extend to the northern coasts [...] Arctic Ocean is the smallest in the world. Moreover, it’s not particularly deep: just 987 metres on average, though 5,669 metres at its deepest point. Its only deep-sea connection to other oceans lies in [...] freshwater is flowing into the Arctic Ocean. This freshwater lies like a lid atop the deeper, saltier water layers. As a result, fewer nutrients from the ocean’s depths rise to the surface, while less

benefiting from the developments. Find out more Sea Climate Arctic Antarctic North Sea Ocean Acidification Our planet’s oceans absorb tremendous amounts of carbon dioxide. Instead of causing atmospheric temperatures [...] change. Find out more Ice Climate Sea Arctic Antarctic Sea Ice Broad expanses of the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic are covered in sea ice. The ice plays a vital role in our climate system [...] greenhouse gas dissolves in the water. But this service provided by the oceans comes at a price. The more greenhouse gas the oceans remove from the atmosphere, the more acidic their waters become. Find out

with cryoprobe. Discover more A view inside – a fish in the NMR Integrative Ecophysiology Ocean Acidification [...] broad range of scientific questions,” says Christian Bock, “for example, how the warming and acidification of waters in the Arctic due to climate change will affect those animals that are perfectly adapted

any other oceanic region of the planet and its sea-ice cover is declining faster than models predict. Due to changes in sea-ice cover and stratification, the productivity in the Arctic Ocean may transition [...] predominantly light-controlled to being more nutrient-controlled. Also, the phenomenon of ocean acidification is most pronounced in the Arctic due to the higher solubility of CO 2 at low temperatures as [...] lower alkalinity. To elucidate potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions between ocean warming, acidification or altered light and nutrient availability, we apply multi-factorial incubation matrices