Arga Island in the NW part of the delta. The third river terrace is the oldest geomorphological unit of the Lena Delta, shaped by the extremely cold climate of the last glacial period when the area was not [...] assumed. At the bottom of the snow layer, the remaining shortwave radiation flux is assigned as energy input to the uppermost soil grid cell. The albedo of the snow is calculated as a function of the difference [...] version of CryoGrid 3 so that the sum of the volumetric contents of ice and water re- mains constant (for simplicity, the densities of ice and wa- ter are assumed equal). The phase change of the soil wa-

different types of killer whales live in the Southern Ocean. They are known to differ in feeding ecology and appearance. However, little is known about the distribution and behaviour of these different [...] whale ecotypes. To answer these questions, scientists monitor the whales’ communication with specific underwater sound recorders. However, so far nobody knew, which calls the different ecotypes are using

in Bremerhaven and was the director until 1992. He initiated the construction of the RV Polarstern. He also held the position of director at the Institute of Polar Ecology at the Guide for Scholars & Faculty [...] work on the sea level in the Red Sea, 50 yr of SODA data (sea level and wind stress). The goal of this work is to investigate the long term variability of sea level and to estimate the effect of local wind [...] work is under the supervision of Dr. Knut Barthel and Published online. In the PhD project, he continue in the same track, but extend the area to include the Gulf of Aden beside the Red Sea. The goal is to

PCR. On the last day of the course, the scholars will do present the results of the experiments. Learning aim: The course is designed to demonstrate the basics of PCR-based approaches, and the potential [...] What is the spatial distribution of the Argo profiling floats in the Southern Ocean south of Africa? Is the spatial distribution of the Argo profiling floats influenced by the bathymetry or by the surface [...] pressures of human use in the sea; understand the principles of maritime spatial planning, different interpretations of MSP and the strengths and weaknesses of the concept; challenge the principles of MSP with

different roles in the biogeochemical cycle of the oceans. Diatoms are the major silicifiers in the ocean with frustules made of dissolved silicic acid, influencing the cycle of silica in the oceans. Similarly [...] each spectrum and the polynomial coefficients. Where Si is the fit factor of the ith atmospheric absorber and Sj the fit factor of the jth PFT and Sk for the kth pseudo absorber. xl is the lth polynomial [...] LUTs The RTM SCIATRAN version 3.4 (Rozanov et al. , 2002, 2014) was used for the radiative transfer simulations to derive the relationship between the Chla of PFTs and the ratio of the PFT and the VRS fit

screening of global databases of the regions V4 and V9 of the 18s-rDNA, demonstrated the presence of our parasites beyond the North Atlantic coastal regions. In a biweekly metabarcoding survey of the diatom [...] on HABs in the Gulf of Naples, a number of harmful species were detected for the first time, pointing at the relevance of the metabarcoding approach in monitoring aimed at the protection of human health [...] indicate a lack of gene references in the group of Zygnematophyceae to further investigate the genetic diversity. The second part of the project focuses on molecular acclimation of a polar isolate of Cosmarium

train station The Hotel is just a 450 m walk away from the main train station. Upon exiting the station via the main entrance you are on Ernst-August-Platz, go southwest (left) in the direction of Joachimstraße [...] well-being because it is vital for the functioning of the earth biosphere through processes such as oxygen production, carbon fixation, and the transfer of energy and recycling of matter in marine food webs. [...] evaluating the synergistic potential of the two methodologies to refine and facilitate long term observation of marine plankton biodiversity. Aims of this Symposium There are five major aims of this symposium

on HABs in the Gulf of Naples, a number of harmful species were detected for the first time, pointing at the relevance of the metabarcoding approach in monitoring aimed at the protection of human health [...] and biogeography of Arctic marine microbes, covering all three domains of life. The development of the observation strategy involves a set of coordinated pilot studies testing questions of temporal and spatial [...] Over the last fifteen years, molecular genetics has rapidly advanced the rate of plankton species discovery in the oceans and the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing has revealed a vast level of diversity

findings in the North Sea and start of production Start of the Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea between Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark The member states of the United Nations [...] and therefore of a high ecological, economical and societal value. Two hotspots of biodiversity are the Dogger Bank in the north of the southern North Sea and the Wadden Sea, located along the Dutch, German [...] CLIMATE CHANGE The North Sea Surge is hitting the dunes Tourists on a walk across the mudflats FUTURE 2050 The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean with deep waters in the north and shallow

network. The mission of the “Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring” (FRAM) infrastructure is to support synchronous year-round integrated system observations of one of the fastest changing regions of the Earth [...] information about the dynamics of the pack ice. 06 Ice tethered Bio-Optical Buoy (IBOB): consists of 3 sensor modules, one in the ice, one directly below the ice and one 5 meters below the ice. Measures [...] attribute the impact of anthropogenic activity and natural phenomena on the marine ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Long-term data set of 3 phytoplankton functional types in the Arctic by synergistic use of hyper-