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Waves, as we see them on the beach or at sea, are so-called gravity waves. They are created because the Earth's gravity pulls the water downwards. In addition to these waves that we see on the surface, there are also waves that form inside the ocean. They can grow as large as skyscrapers, travel thousands of kilometres and have a major impact on the transport of heat and nutrients. When they break, the surrounding ocean water is mixed. Oceanographer Dr Friederike Pollmann and her new Junior Researcher Group Artemics (Arctic internal wave energetics and…

Continuous, high-precision temperature measurements under the extreme conditions of the polar regions are the aim of a new borehole measurement system, now funded by the European Union as an ERC Proof of Concept Grant with 150,000 euros for 1.5 years.

For years, scientists have debated whether a massive, kilometre-thick ice shelf once covered the entire Arctic Ocean during the coldest phases of the Ice Ages. A new study, now published in Science Advances, questions this idea. The research team found no evidence of such a permanent, pan-Arctic ice shelf. Instead, the Arctic Ocean appears to have been covered by seasonal sea ice, allowing open water—and life—to persist even during the harshest glacial periods of the past 750,000 years. This discovery sheds new light on how the Arctic has responded to…

One of the most current topics in climate research is the impact of extreme events such as heat waves or cold spells on biological communities in ecosystems. The consequences of climate change can be seen particularly clearly in the Arctic, as the region is warming faster than the rest of the world. It therefore offers scientists a unique opportunity to better understand processes and relationships between environmental factors such as temperature, soil or nutrients and biological communities. In a recent study published in the journal Scientific…

The global ocean takes up about a quarter of all CO2 that humans emit into the atmosphere. The Southern Ocean is responsible for about 40% of this. However, the amount of CO2 it can uptake varies from year to year. An international research team with the participation of the Alfred Wegener Institute investigated why the uptake varies so much and was able to show that what happens in winter is crucial in explaining this variability in CO2 uptake. The study was published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment. 

During the end of the last ice age huge amounts of CO2 which were formerly stored in the deep ocean upwelled in the Southern Ocean and were released to the atmosphere. This was one of the main causes of global warming at that time. However, it is assumed that not all of the stored carbon was released into the atmosphere, but that parts were directly transported northwards by the so-called Antarctic Intermediate and Mode Water into the East Pacific. So far, however, this has not been clearly proven. Using a combination of sediment core analyses and highly…

An international initiative is investigating whether the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation has reached a tipping point and what the consequences would be. AWI researchers are also involved.

The 25th Arctic Dialogue at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Potsdam focused on international cooperation in polar research. The dialogue placed a particular emphasis on the upcoming fifth International Polar Year, which is scheduled for 2032/33. Representatives from research, politics and national and international organisations discussed the scientific, social and geopolitical perspectives of this major project.

How sensitively does organic carbon stored in soils react to changes in temperature and humidity? This question is central to a new study by researchers from MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen and from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven that was now published in Nature Communications.

There is a relatively high probability of encountering early warning signals when approaching a tipping point. However, this should not be confused with the probability that a tipping point is actually approaching if statistical early warning signals are observed. This is because there could be several alternative explanations for the presence of such early warning signals. In a Perspective article in the current issue of the scientific journal Nature Climate Change, a team of researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute suggests taking a critical look…