CO2 concentration and pH in the present Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton ecology in the present Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean phytoplankton are major drivers of global carbon cycling accounting for ~2 Pg [...] strongly governs Southern Ocean phytoplankton productivity. CO2 concentration and pH in the future Southern Ocean. Figure: S. Trimborn Phytoplankton ecology in the future Southern Ocean. Climate models indicate [...] Fe-limited oceanic waters Inorganics in organics: Chemical and biological controls on micronutrient and carbon fluxes in the polar ocean Iron limitation and cycling in contrasting Southern Ocean Provinces

all latitudes. Cold-water corals (CWC) have long been considered particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, but in the naturally acidified fjords of Patagonian Chile, we found large populations of CWC

Polar and Marine Research, have discovered in a recent study that Ocean Acidification can negatively affect diatoms of the southern polar ocean. In laboratory experiments, they observed that diatoms under [...] deep ocean. Thus, the CO 2 is removed from the global carbon cycle for a couple of thousand years. Dr. Sebastian Rokitta has explored during the past three years how the advancing Ocean Acidification affects [...] Helmholtz-PhD Awards who have been awarded for the very first time this year. Consequences of Ocean Acidification for calcareous algae (Youtube, 17.4.2013) The calcareous microalga Emiliania huxlyei is distributed

any other oceanic region of the planet and its sea-ice cover is declining faster than models predict. Due to changes in sea-ice cover and stratification, the productivity in the Arctic Ocean may transition [...] predominantly light-controlled to being more nutrient-controlled. Also, the phenomenon of ocean acidification is most pronounced in the Arctic due to the higher solubility of CO 2 at low temperatures as [...] lower alkalinity. To elucidate potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions between ocean warming, acidification or altered light and nutrient availability, we apply multi-factorial incubation matrices

ng of colonisation and expatriation processes. Projects BioAcid II: Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification ( www.bioacid.de ) Cleopatra: Climate effects on planktonic food quality and trophic transfer [...] physiological responses of dominant species to climate chance to predict their role in the future Arctic Ocean. Feeding biology and trophic interactions of key species Who feeds who“ is one of the major factors [...] ( www.mare-incognitum.no/index.php/cleopatra-ii ) Transdrift: The transpolar system of the Arctic Ocean: ( www.transdrift.info ) Fram: Frontiers in Arctic Monitoring Members of the working group PD. Dr

global change will impact the Southern Ocean ecosystem. The availability of trace metals, in particular iron, is considered the key factor in controlling Southern Ocean phytoplankton productivity and community [...] CO2 has already caused significantly higher aquatic CO2 concentrations and lower pH values (‘ocean acidification’) compared to pre-industrial times potentially affecting plankton community structure as well [...] contrasting water masses from the Southern Ocean; namely the naturally iron-enriched waters of the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Orkney Islands and two open ocean sites of the iron-limited waters of the

of the Paris Climate Agreement is not achieved. Under conditions of further warming and acidification of the ocean, Atlantic cod and its arctic relative polar cod would be forced to look for new habitats

life in the ocean, in particular carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, as driven by physical, biological and chemical processes. Marine biogeochemical cycles play a relevant role in ocean productivity [...] system. The elements of the biogeochemical cycles are considered essential ocean variables (EOV) as defined by the Global Ocean Observing System. In order to study biogeochemical cycles, we need to measure [...] alkalinity, which provides information about the buffer capacity of seawater, relevant to study ocean acidification. The facility is divided in three modules based on scientific topics, as follows. Nutrients:

Nöthig Research The Arctcic Ocean reacts more sensitive to Gloabal Change than other oceans. Sea ice strongly decraeses, temperatures rise at least twice as much, acidification and, the influence of warmer [...] mainly as part of projects such as FRAM, LTER HAUSGARTEN, PEBCAO in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. The main goal of our arctic research is to understand and follow seasonal and interannual fluctuations [...] Key aspect is to measure the changes of all parameters in relation to rise in temperature and acidification.

factors such as warming, nutrient deficiency or ocean acidification, by focusing on one of the most sensitive areas on Earth, the subarctic and Arctic Ocean. Thereby, we contribute to the Helmholtz research [...] CO 2 is taken up by the ocean, concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate increase while the concentration of carbonate ions and the pH decrease, also known as 'Ocean Acidification'. Just like warming, also [...] greenhouse gas, rising CO 2 causes ocean warming: temperatures of the surface waters have already increased by 1.1°C on average, while some regions like the Arctic Ocean changing fastest (IPCC 2022). The