tal conditions of the future. This implies that we research the state of the Earth System over a time span of several tens of millions of years. While we employ a diverse approach, the following time scales [...] considering the properties of the climate of the past. We are able to reconstruct past climate changes from historical data collections or by evaluating documented observations. The history of Earth provides [...] climate change? This is one of research's central questions. To give a proper answer, we have to know the parameters of natural variability, e.g. the temperatures in oceans, above the continents and in polar

widen our perspective to the study of the Holocene. This geologic epoch represents the current interglacial after the end of the last glacial and the subsequent deglaciation. During the Holocene modern humans [...] continents, and in the cryosphere. The best way to ascertain the extent of past changes is through the inspection of historical time series of direct measurements or documentation of such environmental observations [...] prosperity of human populations. In order to properly address this question, we need quantitative information regarding the amplitude and rapidity of natural variations in the ocean, over the continents

ng signal. Moreover, the 5–10,000-yr intervals between the events are inconsistent with Milankovitch orbital periodicities, raising the question of what the ultimate cause of the postulated cooling may [...] not only in the region of the North Atlantic Ocean but also in remote areas such as the Pacific Ocean and the Antarctic. See: Heinrich, H.: Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast [...] planktonic foraminifera to the sediments, and short-lived, massive discharges of icebergs originating in eastern Canada. The path of the icebergs, clearly marked by the presence of ice-rafted detrital carbonate

Christian Stepanek The Pliocene is seen in many ways as a possible analogue of future warm climate states. The question of the characteristics and of the dynamics of the climate of the Pliocene thus becomes [...] climate states of the Pliocene, sensitivity studies are also taken into account. These allow a better understanding of the climate of the Pliocene in the context of the climate forcings of the future. This [...] regions in the form of prepared, printable graphics and maps as well as their raw data, the preparation of the basics and knowledge on the topic of sea ice as well as the current expert assessment of the sea

vocalisations, speeding up the analysis of passive acoustic data in order to address ecological questions. I am interested in understanding the effects of the physical environment and the ecosystem productivity [...] acoustic monitoring of ambient noise in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean Svenja Zakrzewski (2010), Bachelor Hochschule Bremerhaven The PALAOA-S experiment: vocal behaviour of Antarctic pinnipeds [...] addresses how the distribution of marine mammals relates to abiotic and biotic environmental factors to explore the ecological role of marine mammals in the Arctic Ocean. Data stem from the interdisciplinary

such as the icebreaker Polarstern , observatories, aircrafts, and satellites to capture the evolving dynamics of the ocean, atmosphere, sea ice, and ice sheets. At the same time, we push the boundaries [...] critical insights into the past, present, and future of our planet. In cooperation with our colleagues in the Bio- and Geosciences, our research extends to investigating the impact of climate change on marine [...] these processes – especially in the rapidly changing polar regions where the changes have far-reaching implications, such as global sea level rise – is at the heart of our research. We strive to understand

experience the same magmatic history? The fragmentation of the Manihiki Plateau poses the question, whether distinct phases of magmatic or tectonic processes led to the deformation of the Manihiki Plateau [...] suggested that the Ontong-Java Plateau was connected to the Manihiki Plateau at the Western Plateaus and drifted towards the west. Overview map of the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the Manihiki Plateau [...] development of the Manihiki Plateau We try to unravel the relationship between the two largest sub-provinces of the Manihiki Plateau, the Western Plateaus and the High Plateau, which are separated by the Danger

hiatusses in the South Atlantic since the middle Miocene. The opening of Drake Passage in early Oligocene times and the closure of the CAS at ~6 Ma, i.e., tectonic processes, have been identified as the key triggers [...] emplacement of the plateau influence the climatic, oceanic environments, and Earth’s biota? What can we deduce about water mass changes during early stages of the plateau’s evolution? Did emplacement of the Agulhas [...] important driver of Cretaceous-Paleogene/Neogene climate changes in the Southern Ocean but the opening of gateways and subsequent migration of continents also has had a profound effect on the regional climate

little about the early phases of the circulation. This will be the focus of future studies, e.g. the BMBF project SLIP . Drilling the younger history of water mass exchange! The younger history of the water [...] documented e.g. in the western part of Ireland and the UK where branches of the gulf stream, named after the Gulf of Mexico, lead to a mild climate and allow the growth of palm trees. In the same latitudes [...] with the establishment of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interrupted deposition of drift body 3. Deposition started again with the onset of the Pliocene (drift body 4, ~5 Ma). The gentle slope of the Outer

processes and the resulting environmental changes are needed to answer those questions. The study of structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the earth and accretionary processes of polar and subpolar [...] the Southern Ocean What was the effect of the opening of the gateways of the Southern Ocean? Lakes as climate archives Old lake-level terraces at the current shore (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut) Find [...] conditions form the focus to allow conclusions on the development of the glaciation of the polar regions during the past 70 million years. Data documenting the origin and development of tectonic, magmatic