(ASSW) and other international Arctic conferences. As an observer on the Arctic Council, the most important forum on the Arctic, he worked with decision-makers from Arctic countries, and with representatives [...] the Arctic. He served on the planning committee for the International Polar Year 2007/2008 and numerous other committees involved in Arctic research. His duties included organising the annual Arctic Science [...] indigenous peoples in the Arctic. Since 2017, Volker Rachold has headed the German Arctic Office at the AWI and has advised federal ministries on matters concerning the Arctic. In 2018, his office was

Nordic Seas Southern Ocean - Overturning Circulation Ocean-Ice Shelf Interaction Southern Ocean climate interactions (SO-Klim) Ocean Acoustics Group - AWI OZA Projects - AWI OZA Outreach Activities - AWI OZA [...] LTER Observatory HAUSGARTEN FRAM Ocean Observing System Publications Data Geosciences Geophysics Research Focus Formation of the Arctic Basin Ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges OBS studies Hydrothermal [...] CHARTER (AC)3 CliC Arctic CORDEX CRiceS MOSAiC PolarRes QUARCCS Award POLEX StratoClim SynopSys REKLIM Publications Physical Oceanography Main Research Topics Circulation in the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic

moderately rough arctic sea ice and take ridge height and distribution into account. They are well proven for applications in simulations of flow situations in the northern polar ocean. To prove if they [...] leads and polynias For the energy and moisture exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean, leads and polynias play an important role. This is documented by many modelling studies, but only [...] sea ice have a significant effect on the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ice covered ocean. Uncertainties in the representation of sea ice albedo contribute considerably to the differences

Sea ice motion and deformation Sea ice can be found in the Arctic and Antarctic, but also for example in the Gulf of Bothnia and Finland, is very dynamic. The drift velocities of individual ice floes or [...] other deformation features have a major impact on the interaction between the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean. They also pose dangers for ship traffic. Among other things, our work focuses on the improvement [...] landscape in the Lena delta (© NASA / Landsat , 2000) (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut) Charting the Arctic Tundra Polynias Terra Nova Bay Polynia (© NSIDC / Modis, 2013) (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut)

sea ice models used for? Example of a sea ice model (Graphic: Alfred Wegener Institut) The Arctic areas - ocean even more than land - are difficult to reach, for several winter months not at all. Instruments [...] time. Variability is determined e.g. by air and ocean temperature. The velocity in turn depends on the thickness of the ice, the wind conditions and the ocean current. The changes of the sea ice over time [...] This explains the expression "compute the model forward in time". The area of interest- here the Arctic Ocean is overlaid with a three-dimensional grid. The geometry of this grid can be as simple or complicated

Elsevier. [ Impact Factor: 3.513 ] Print Ausgabe: 1.1981 - 85.2007 Z 366 Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. / Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado. Print Ausgabe: 31.1999 - [...] td-1">Z 2180 Ocean dynamics. / Springer [ Impact Factor: 1.612 ] Print Ausgabe: 52.2001 - 57.2007 Z 2183 Ocean modelling [...] dd tr-187"> eOnly Report of the ... Meeting / Arctic Ocean Science Board. <td class="td-last

patterns and linkages. Establishment of sea surface temperature and sea ice records for the Arctic and Southern Ocean covering the MIS 5e warm interval. [...] latitudes are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to future global warming. The potential of polar oceans and their marginal seas to amplify on a global scale warm climate conditions and sea level change

which are a set of ocean and sea ice variables optimally combining observations and a model. The analysis fields are applied for a variety of ocean and sea ice studies in the Arctic Ocean, and also provide [...] used to synthesize model results and observed data in the Arctic Ocean. The systems have been successfully applied to North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Model (NAOSIM) developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute [...] Institute (AWI). We are currently working to apply the systems to Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2), also developed in AWI. Contact: Dr. Hiroshi Sumata Seasonal cycle (left) and interannual variation

Prof. Dr. Guido Grosse Arctic permafrost landscape dynamics and Earth System feedbacks Permafrost coring in the Fish Creek Delta, North Alaska (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut) Arctic permafrost landscapes [...] DOCconcentrations, the origin of DOC and the temporal variability in two permafrost regions along the Arctic Ocean. My study areas are the Lena Delta and Bykovsky Peninsula in Siberia, and a transect from Teshekpuk [...] Global warming will continue to warm the Arctic resulting in the degradation of permafrost soils. This leads to large-scale ground subsidence. Vast regions of the Arctic are covered with ice-rich silts containing

sea ice covered regions in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans make satellite remote sensing the only tool that is able to obtain a full picture of sea ice conditions. The Sea Ice Physics section is actively [...] Sea Ice Remote Sensing Map of Arctic sea ice thickness (April 2015) obtained from CryoSat-2 data (Graphic: Alfred Wegener Institut) Contact: Dr. Stefan Hendricks The inaccessibility and sheer size of sea [...] the European Space Agency (ESA) is based on a radar altimeter that fully maps Antarctic sea ice and Arctic sea ice up to a latitude of 88°N. This coverage is unparalleled in comparison with all previous and