in the world. The Polarstern operates an average of 305 days a year, typically cruising in the Antarctic from November to March and pursuing research in the Arctic during the summer months. In the process [...] Research ice breaker Polarstern An Icon of German Polar Research The Research Vessel Polarstern is the most important resource for German polar research and the flagship of the Alfred Wegener Institute. Commissioned [...] allow the researchers to take measurements and gather data outside of the area influenced by the ship. For example, the helicopters are used for observing whales and deploying equipment like the EM-Bird

scientific attention in the past. Today, the water column structure of the SO largely prevents pronounced melting of the EAIS. This state may change if the position and strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar [...] focuses on recording the history of the position of the ACC and major SO fronts, the status of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation today and in the past, as well as a range of additional hydrographic [...] series of 3D-distributions in the water column of the Arctic Ocean. The selected stations are based on locations and variables that have been observed in the past. The quasi-synoptic survey of the CAO and