institutions in 3 European countries studied processes of the energy transfer between the ocean and the atmosphere in the Arctic. The project was conducted from 1998 to 2000 with a major field campaign involving [...] addressed the effects of clouds and of Arctic Haze on the radiative fluxes at the surface and in the atmospheric column for various states of the surface in the European Arctic. Major emphasis was put on convective [...] over the ice-free ocean and on stratiform clouds at low levels and their radiational exchange with sea ice. The effects of clouds on the radiative fluxes for various states of the ocean surface were studied

Anniversary
40 years of research in the Arctic, Antarctic and in coastal regions: on 15 July, the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) celebrates its 40 th [...] and internationally recognised centre for climate research in the two polar regions and the world’s oceans.

from the Arctic reservoir. Long-term observations in the Arctic Ocean by a multitude of observational platforms allow estimates of annual mean liquid freshwater content in the upper Arctic basins (Figure [...] Central Arctic long-term observations [Translate to English:] Anomalies of annual mean liquid freshwater content in the upper Arctic Ocean basin from salinity profile observations since 1992. Liquid freshwater [...] linear trend is 600+-300 The central Arctic is an important component of the global climate system, not only by atmospheric teleconnections but also by links in ocean circulation to lower latitudes. There

the Changing Arctic Ocean programme is to understand how the changing physical environment will affect the large-scale ecosystem structure and biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic Ocean. The two key [...] field analysis in the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Special Issue, Phil Trans Royal Soc. (submitted) Literature: Castellani, G., M. Losch, B. A. Lange, and H. Flores (2017), Modeling Arctic sea-ice algae: Physical [...] applied to understand how the Arctic marine system will respond to ongoing changes that include thinning of sea ice, declines in nutrient inventories and freshening of Arctic Ocean surface waters. We will answer

2020 On thin ice: The Arctic and earth's climate Find out more > DW | 05.05.2020 Polarstern sets records on Arctic climate mission Find out more > Above & Beyond, Canada's Arctic Journal | 31.12.2013 On [...] Institute for Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen. Sea Ice MOSAiC The sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is a major component of the global climate system, and changes in its thickness and [...] depends not only on thermodynamic factors like heat in the air and water, or radiation; winds and ocean currents also play an important role by constantly moving and deforming the ice, leading to the creation

Polarstern returns from the “Trans-Arctic Survey of the Arctic in Transition” (TransArc) expedition, intended to record physical, biological and chemical changes in the Arctic Ocean. One highlight of the expedition: [...] 2012-10.2012 – During the Polarstern’s 27th stay in the Arctic and in the context of the “Sea ice - ocean - seafloor interactions in the changing Arctic” (IceAr) expedition, e.g. long-term changes in this [...] on yet another Arctic expedition – its 29th. The expedition, officially designated “Transitions in the Arctic Seasonal Sea Ice Zone” (TRANSSIZ), was planned by the international “Arctic in Rapid Transition”

the Arctic Mediterranean. The Arctic Ocean freshwater budget The Arctic Ocean freshwater budget A particular feature of the Arctic Ocean is the enormous freshwater surplus. The upper Arctic Ocean receives [...] cover makes the Arctic Ocean distinct from subarctic oceans – the presence of ice, as well as ice formation and melt significantly shape the circulation and water masses of both the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic [...] Circulation in the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas The Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas are integral parts of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, and hence key regions for the global climate

coupled Arctic climate system with the overall aim to (i) improve our understanding and model representation of key climate processes in the Arctic and (ii) to improve our understanding of Arctic – midlatitude [...] the observed drastic Arctic climate changes and the uncertainty in Arctic climate projections is large. That arises, in large part, from gaps in our understanding of key Arctic processes and feedbacks [...] national and international research projects, such as AC3 , REKLIM , Arctic CORDEX , PolarRES , and WarmWorld . Background The phenomenon of Arctic amplification has a suite of causes, which include various i

systems across the Arctic and Antarctic, using research vessels, such as the icebreaker Polarstern , observatories, aircrafts, and satellites to capture the evolving dynamics of the ocean, atmosphere, sea [...] climate is shaped by intricate physical and biogeochemical processes in the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ocean. Understanding these processes – especially in the rapidly changing polar regions where the changes

Arctic cod is the most abundant fish in the Arctic Ocean. It is an important food source for Arctic marine mammals and plays an important role in the self-sufficiency of the Inuit. An international study [...] now evaluated the most important scientific work on Arctic cod of the past decades. The conclusion: Above all, the already advanced decline in arctic sea ice cover as a result of man-made climate change