and physics of sea ice as well as the effects of sea ice retreat on the entire ocean system from the surface to the deep sea. Eleven years ago, Antje Boetius was part of the largest ever sea ice minumum in [...] set off from Tromsø, Norway, towards the North Pole. For two months, a good fifty scientific expedition participants will explore the Arctic in transition as sea ice extent reaches its annual minimum in [...] in the Arctic and its consequences for life in the deep sea. Now she is returning with her team to compare the state of the Arctic today - also with the data from the MOSAiC expedition 2019/20.

humans, whose diversity and ecology they can fundamentally change. For example, the German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts are now characterized by non-indigenous marine organisms. Their occurrence and rate [...] marine areas. In cooperation with the Schleswig-Holstein State Office for the Environment, the AWI North Sea Office has compiled an overview of all known introduced species in German marine areas: “Neobiota

transports contaminants, stemming from industry, agriculture, and water treatment plants, to Germany’s North Sea coast. Their concentrations vary due to inlets found along the course of the river, but also due [...] microplastic particles, nutrients and climate gases found in the river change on their way to the North Sea.

international team of researchers is investigating the coupling between sea ice, the ocean and its life, including within the deep sea. So far, the Arcwatch-1 expedition, launched on August 3, 2023, has delivered

measured sea ice thickness and properties, recorded the currents and chemical properties of the ocean and investigated life in and under the ice, in the open water and at the bottom of the deep sea. Their [...] significant changes compared to previous expeditions. On 7 September 2023, Polarstern reached the North Pole, and on 20 September there was the world's first livestream of an ROV under-ice dive from the

At the AWI ice laboratories, part of an ice core from the North Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is currently being tested. The core was collected during “EastGRIP”, a joint project involving several international [...] insights into the behaviour of ice streams and improve our grasp of how they could contribute to future sea-level rise. Another goal is to record past climatic conditions beneath the northeast section of the

this project. The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde were also involved.

The North East Greenland Ice Stream transports enormous amounts of ice from the heart of the island to the sea and thus also influences global sea levels. An international research team led by the Alfred

computer-based model, they were able to show that warm water from the Atlantic flows into the European North Sea and ultimately into the cavern under the glacier tongue, where it melts the ice from below. Their [...] Greenland's ice-sheet
The Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier – also known as the 79° North Glacier – on the northeast coast of Greenland flows directly into a fjord, where it forms an 80-kilometre-long tongue [...] pave the way for more precise projections on the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet and increasing sea level rise from global warming.

parts of North America – reaching an ice thickness of more than 3 km, before it finally melted at the end of the ice age. To date, there have been few detailed studies of the evolution of the North American [...] that in particular the snowfall in summer favoured the growth of the ice sheet and influenced the sea level.