n ice sheets extended as far as Schleswig-Holstein and Brandenburg; the North Sea coast lay north of England. Today’s North Sea Basin was covered with tundra, like what we now see in eastern Siberia. Today’s [...] sed by perpetual ice in the Antarctic, and fluctuating ice extents in the Arctic, North America and Europe. The North German landscape is a legacy of the last glacial 20,000 years ago. When this period [...] Today’s Arctic, with ice-covered Greenland, Siberian permafrost and sea ice at the North Pole, is a holdover of that glacial world. But for how much longer? As geoscientists, we provide insights to help

century, the north-south difference of Δ14C- CO2 was counterintuitively positive, with higher Δ 14C-CO2 being observed in the North than in the South (Levin and Hesshaimer 2000). This latter north-south difference [...] the sign in the north-south Δ 14C-CO2 difference has been previously reported by Graven et al. (2012). There are two reasons that may have caused this reversal: (1) The increase of the north-south gradient [...] flux is largest, also because large wind velocities enhance air-sea gas exchange. As is the case for the long-term trend, changes in the north-southΔ 14C-CO2 difference can also provide a constraint on the

year. Data from NOAA. 4.1. Methane in the Arctic and Boreal Zone (North of ~50°N) Themole fraction of methane grew strongly in the zone north of 50°N in the 4‐year period between 2014 and 2017. In 2014, zonal [...] Crill, P. M., Humborg, C., & Mörth, C. M. (2016). Methane fluxes from the sea to the atmosphere across the Siberian shelf seas. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 5869–5877. doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068977 [...] the northern tropics and the Arctic/Boreal zone lagged the rest of the world, but in 2016 the zone north of 50°N had the highest growth rate (> 12 ppb) globally (Figure 3). Then in 2017, growth was focused

dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets Floating Ice: sea, river, and lake ice Seasonal snow cover Changing permafrost Polar coastlines Oceanography of polar seas Hydrology of inland waters Polar land cover and [...] Symposium was first held in Yellowknife, Canada in 1990 and since then it has alternated between North American and Europe on a biennial basis. It grew from the often-expressed need for exchange of information

and vice versa, is mainly caused by a north-south trend in Kd(λext) originating from a north-south trend in SCIAMACHY VRS fit factors. For GOME-2, no significant north-south trend is observed. In low latitudes [...] J. (2000). SeaWiFS algorithm for the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K(490), using water-leaving radiances at 490 and 555 nm. In SeaWiFS postlaunch technical report series, volume 11. Sea-WiFS postlaunch [...] up by the ocean (Friedlingstein et al., 2019). As a consequence, the ocean is warming, sea levels are rising, sea ice concentrations are declining, and ocean acidity is enhancing (IPCC, 2019). The role

lead to a shift in the jet stream and the formation of a blocking high-pressure system over the North Sea and parts of Germany. This in turn means that the April weather in Central Europe is getting much

Wiegmann , Sonja (2022) Phytoplankton pigment concentrations during POLARSTERN cruise PS121 from North Sea to Fram in August to September 2019. PANGAEA , doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.941011 Bracher

Does sea ice play a particular role in Arctic jellyfish ecology? We evaluate the role of sea ice as a habitat for jellies in order to make predictions on their potential decrease with further sea ice decline [...] DNA analyses. Such interdisciplinary surveys allow us to link distributional patterns of jellies to sea-ice and oceanographic (sub-mesoscale) features. We apply species and community distribution models [...] of jellies in the Arctic food web, their importance for higher trophic levels and their link to the sea-ice trophic pathway will be elucidated with metabarcoding and biomarker studies. We plan to conduct

The Research Vessel Polarstern was in the Arctic for the past seven weeks. There, the summertime sea-ice extent declined by ca. 40 percent over the past 40 years – making it one of the most visible impacts [...] Polarstern investigated Atlantic Water Recirculation in Fram Strait and in the marginal ice zone north of Svalbard, as well as ocean/glacier interactions off the coast of Greenland. Central research questions [...] questions included how the ice conditions, ocean heat fluxes and ocean stratification determine sea-ice melt in the marginal ice zone (between the ice free waters and the dense pack ice) and how the melt

much faster than the rest of the world. With consequences for its sea ice. In order to gauge the thickness of ice masses in the North Pole region, scientists chiefly rely on satellites. But this method [...] now developed a method that, for the first time, makes it possible to identify changes in the Arctic sea-ice thickness for the years 2011 to 2021 – even during the summer months. The resultant data is especially