Earth System Models We simulate Arctic sea ice for the past, current and possible future climates, with regional sea ice-ocean and Earth System Models. Regional ocean-sea ice models have the advantage [...] al., 2014 ). We test those parameterizations in regional sea ice ocean models such as NAOSIM ( Köberle and Gerdes, 2003 ) and an Arctic model set-up of the MITgcm ( Castro-Morales et al., 2014 ). After [...] usually much coarser spatially resolved but have the advantage of simulating the atmosphere model, the ocean and the sea-ice simultaneously. Earth System Models (ESMs) additionally include vegetation and chemistry

better understand and quantify the role of clouds in the lower Arctic atmosphere. A special focus is on the amplified climate change in the Arctic. To that aim measurements during ACLOUD and AFLUX were/are [...] Airborne Observations In, Below and Above Arctic Clouds Map of the areas for aircraft operation illustration the coordination activities at Polarstern and Ny Alesund (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) ACLOUD [...] research institutes (listed below) embedded in the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TR 172: ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)³

rview.html Arctic Ocean Science Board : The Board supports large-scale multinational and interdisciplinary Arctic research projects. www.aosb.org Arctic ROOS : Arctic Regional Ocean Observing System [...] hic Information System (OBIS). www.iobis.org Ocean Colour Data Portal . oceanographicdata.org/REASoN_OceanColorDataPortal.html OceanSITES : A global network of deap sea reference stations [...] for the study of atmosphere-ocean interactions in the tropical Atlantic. www.pmel.noaa.gov/pirata/ POGO: Partnership for observation of the global ocean. www.ocean-partners.org/ PISCO : long-term

project is to build an efficient integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS) by extending, improving and unifying existing systems in the different regions of the Arctic. Contact: T. Soltwedel, C. Hasemann, I [...] European open ocean fixed point observatories and to improve access to these key installations for the broader community. These will provide multidisciplinary observations in all parts of the oceans from the [...] Purser SenseOcean (Marine sensors for the 21st Century) EU funded FP7 project Duration: 01.10.2013 - 30.09.2017 Coordinator: Denise Martin, Natural Environment Research Council, UK SenseOCEAN brings together

FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring) HGF infrastructur programme Duration: 01.08.2014 - 31.07.2021 Coordination: Antje Boetius, AWI, Bremerhaven The FRAM Ocean Observing System will be installed [...] installed in the gateway between the North Atlantic and the Central Arctic, representing a highly climate-sensitive and rapidly changing region of the Earth system. FRAM will implement existing and next-generation [...] next-generation sensors and observatory platforms, allowing synchronous observation of relevant ocean variables, as well as the study of physical, chemical and biological processes in the water column and at the

-Project are: to assess the influence of sea-ice and ocean dynamics in the Laptev Sea on the transpolar drift; to investigate changes in the arctic halocline, water mass formation, and transport mechanisms [...] the atmosphere - sea-ice - ocean system; to study the history of the transpolar system. Contact: T. Soltwedel, J. Hölemann, R. Stein BIOACID III (Biological Impacts of Ocean ACIDification) Project funded [...] Riebesell, GEOMAR, Germany The overarching questions of BIOACID -Project are: What are the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and their habitats? What are the underlying mechanisms of responses

shifted location • Arctic Ocean: • Increased coastline erosion – e.g. village relocation • Cultural change – subsistence lifestyle facing problems Changes in the ocean impact people Arctic Ocean and extreme [...] weather Impacts on people J. Francis What’s happening in the Arctic Ocean? • Warmer air reduces air column density, shifting wind fields Arctic Ocean and extreme mid-latitude weather Impacts on people J. Francis [...] PowerPoint Presentation Ocean and climate change Dr. Rebecca Rolph Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam, Germany • How the ocean regulates climate • Changes in the ocean • What these changes

North. Arctic Council https://arctic-council.org/en/ The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous [...] the Arctic play in the Earth system? What characterizes the Arctic environment? What changed in the Arctic over the last decades? What is permafrost? How does thawing permafrost affect the Arctic environment [...] permafrost connects to the Arctic climate explain how the Arctic residents and economy depend on the Arctic environment the relationship between the Arctic environment and especially permafrost assess the

slides, and how lakes form on and beneath the ice sheets. She also participates in expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. For her research she uses the AWI’s two polar research planes, the data from which [...] mechanical properties, which have to be included in models, but above all because its direct ties to the ocean and the atmosphere result in a multitude of interactions. Professor Angelika Humbert T: +49 (471)

each day for 1 year) - self contained vehicel (internal data storage to avoid problems with ice in arctic regions) - measure C,T and p with precision high enough to indicate convective events in polar regions [...] is placed onto the vehicle at the time a cast shall start, and it is removed when it reaches the ocean bottom. The vehicle itself is balanced to posess some buoyancy and to swim up by itself, finally reaching