Tallinna Tehnikaülikool (Estonia) Gronlands Naturinstitut (Greenland) Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat World Ocean Council EU-PolarNet Participants (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut)

Thorium in the Arctic Ocean The Transarc expeditions together with earlier Polarstern campaigns have yielded a unique time series of the chemical and physical properties of the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO). Only [...] anthropogenic carbon is taken up by the ocean, and glacial ocean carbon storage in the deep Southern Ocean is well established ( Brovkin et al., 2012 ). Changes in Southern Ocean carbon uptake and its export to [...] of mud EXC 2077: The Ocean Floor – Earth’s Uncharted Interface The ocean floor, which makes up 71% of the Earth’s solid surface, lies an average of 3,700 meters beneath the ocean surface. The difficulties

speed of several millimetres to centimetres per year (plate tectonics). So-called mid-oceanic ridges run through the oceans. In these zones magma rises from the Earth’s interior to the surface, cools down there [...] magma again. A region in which new seafloor continuously forms is, for instance, Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic. This is a submarine mountain range whose northern foothills extend from the northeast tip of Greenland

Danilov, N. Koldunov, C.Liu, V. Mueller, D. Sidorenko and T. Jung, 2024: Eddy activity in the Arctic Ocean projected to surge in a warming world . Nature Climate Change , 14 , 156–162, doi.org/10.1038 [...] 387 , 68–73, doi.org/10.1126/science.adq7280 . Wang, Q., S. Danilov, and T. Jung, 2024: Arctic freshwater anomaly transiting to the North Atlantic delayed within a buffer zone. Nature Geosci [...] Beech, N., T. Rackow, T. Semmler, S. Danilov, Q. Wang and T. Jung, 2022: Long-term evolution of ocean eddy activity in a warming world. Nature Climate Change , 9 , 910–917, doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01478-3

sea-ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in summer, to higher water and air temperatures, and to rising sea levels. Less sea ice means e.g. that winds produce larger waves, which batter Arctic coasts. On average [...] further thawing be prevented? To FAQ element Can permafrost only be found on land? Since the ocean floor in the Arctic is insulated by water and sea ice, one might assume there was no permafrost there. But guess [...] latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, a minor rise is enough to set off thawing. To FAQ element Why are permafrost coasts increasingly collapsing? Coastal erosion has worsened in the Arctic over the past

support the development of strategies for adaptation and mitigation. Topic 2: Oceans and Cryosphere in Climate How do oceans and the cryosphere drive climate change, and how can we better predict future [...] profound changes, with significant impacts on humanity. Central to these changes are the polar regions, oceans, and coastal and shelf seas, which play crucial roles in regulating the Earth's climate and supporting [...] ty and have a critical influence on both regional and global climate by affecting sea-ice cover, ocean circulation, atmospheric conditions and finally coastal areas. The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)

systems across the Arctic and Antarctic, using research vessels, such as the icebreaker Polarstern , observatories, aircrafts, and satellites to capture the evolving dynamics of the ocean, atmosphere, sea [...] climate is shaped by intricate physical and biogeochemical processes in the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ocean. Understanding these processes – especially in the rapidly changing polar regions where the changes

on, aggregation, ecological function and distribution of organic compounds in the changing polar ocean. We aim to understand the function of marine organic compounds, both, as diagnostic markers to decode [...] 2026 In the “FjordChange” project, we are investigating the influence of Atlanticification on the Arctic ecosystem around Spitsbergen. To this end, we are studying four fjords with varying degrees of A [...] of marine life Subtopic 6.3 The future biological carbon pump Subtopic 6.4 Use and misuse of the ocean: Consequences for marine ecosystems Publications of the Section Biological carbon pump Influence of

reflect in detail processes in the ocean, which have a major influence on the climate. In response, the AWI has developed a special ocean model (FESOM), which simulates e.g. ocean currents and sea ice. For their [...] All around the world, there are natural climate archives – the sediments on the ocean floor, ancient ice in the Arctic and Antarctic, wood for tree-ring analyses, and more. These archives contain what [...] computer programmes used to simulate reality: the motion of air masses, radiation from the sun, and ocean currents – they’re all climate-relevant processes that, with the aid of mathematical formulas, can

organism’s rhythmic life, thereby determining fitness and interactions with other organisms. In the open ocean, pelagic animals like zooplankton perform vertical migrations that actively shape the realized en [...] circadian clock genes in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice in the high Arctic L Hüppe, L Payton, K Last, D Wilcockson, E Ershova, B Meyer Biology Letters 16: 20200257 (2020) [...] org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0257 Widely Rhythmic Transcriptome in Calanus finmarchicus during the High Arctic Summer Solstice Period L Payton, L Hüppe, C Noirot, C Hoede, KS Last, D Wilcockson, E Ershova, S