Arctic
The Arctic Ocean was once a gigantic freshwater lake. Only after the land bridge between Greenland and Scotland had submerged far enough did vast quantities of salt water pour in from the Atlantic

in various ways for many similar types of sensors utilized in ocean sciences, including a drogue to make the surface unit drift with the ocean currents and less with the wind. Our main application is to [...] platforms to obtain time series data throughout all seasons from the very remote regions in the Arctic and Antarctic. Our autonomous platforms, or more generally speaking ‘ice tethered platforms’, are [...] airborne campaigns and leave them behind to continue monitoring the atmosphere, snow, sea ice, and upper ocean. Often, we simply call them ‘buoys’ although most of these systems are not able to float and depend

ecosystems must always keep the polar regions in mind. The Arctic and Antarctic, for example, play a central role in the system of global ocean currents, and the large but shrinking ice sheets are important

evolution of surface properties of the Arctic Ocean influence the radiative energy transfer through the coupled compartments (atmosphere, sea ice, open ocean) of the Arctic climate system. Radiative effects [...] the upper layers of the Arctic Ocean. In particular, the cold halocline layer, which separates warm Atlantic water from the upper ocean mixed layer, appears to be affected by Arctic climate change. On the [...] experiments with a coupled ocean-sea ice model (North Atlantic Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Model, NAOSIM) show a destabilisation of the halocline due to increased freezing in polynyas of Arctic shelf seas. We are planning

the Eurasian shelf seas. Ocean waters with salinities below the average salinity of the Arctic Ocean also contribute positively to the fresh water balance of the Arctic Ocean. Such waters flow in from [...] er-Institut) Figure 1: Surface circulation of the Arctic Ocean (Graphic: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Figure 2: Mid-depth circulation in the Arctic Ocean, which is fed from the Atlantic. 129 Iodine releases [...] blue line shows the total Arctic (liquid + sea ice) freshwater content (integrated in the area in blue on the map) (Graphic: T. Kovacz, Alfred-Wegener-Institut) The Arctic Ocean receives freshwater by run-off

of an Arctic Sea Ice–Ocean Model by a Genetic Algorithm, doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0360.1 Sumata, H., Kauker, F., Karcher, M. und Gerdes, R., 2019b: Covariance of Optimal Parameters of an Arctic Sea Ice–Ocean [...] the Arctic summer minimum sea ice extent in September from the beginning of the melting season in May/June on. While the strongest greenhouse gas induced changes are currently observed in the Arctic, it [...] However, this approach neglects all feedbacks of the sea ice-ocean system on the atmosphere. Since 2015 the initial state of the sea ice-ocean model is constrained by sea ice observations (data assimilation)

proxies TEXH86 and UK’37 Long-term winter warming trend in the Siberian Arctic during the mid- to late Holocene Back from Antarctica Ocean surface temperature variability: Large model–data differences at decadal [...] profiles Flat Meridional Temperature Gradient in the Early Eocene in the Subsurface Rather than Surface Ocean Layering of surface snow and firn at Kohnen Station, Antarctica - noise or seasonal signal? Assessing

suitable ice floe, where they will set up the research camp for their one-year-long drift through the Arctic Ocean. Consequently, one of the most important milestones in the expedition has been reached ahead of

concentrations at the ocean floor. Using model-based simulations, they have also found an explanation for this high level of pollution. According to their findings, the two main ocean currents in Fram Strait [...] Marine Pollution
Working in the Arctic Fram Strait, scientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) have found microplastic throughout the water column [...] microscopically small plastic particles into the region between Greenland and Spitsbergen from both the Arctic and the North Atlantic. While passing through the Strait, many particles eventually drift to the

is what made MOSAiC possible. MOSAiC – The largest Central Arctic expedition of all time. The icebreaker Polarstern will drift through the Arctic sea ice for a year to capture scientific data from the n [...] better understand- ing of truly fundamental processes, like the nature of energy flows in the Arctic, how Arctic clouds func- tion, and how life below and with- in the ice changes throughout the year. But [...] saved. On the same day the Fram managed to free herself from the ice, after drifting across the Arctic Ocean for 35 months. (mw) Link to MOSAiC app Printed by: BerlinDruck GmbH + Co KG 100 % chlorine-free