between atmosphere and ocean. This concerns both hemispheres since cold-air outbreaks occur in the Arctic and Antarctic as well. Typical regions for cold-air outbreaks in the Arctic are the Fram Strait and [...] of the lower atmosphere with sea ice and ocean is strongly influenced by processes caused by the surface morphology, which is characterized in the Polar ocean regions first of all by the sea ice cover [...] Polar Atmospheric Boundary Layer - Observations and Small Scale Modelling Temperature profiles over Arctic sea ice during summer. Boundary layer heights amount here to about 60 m (blue) and 500 m (red) (Graphic:

Weddell Sea Arctic Council Shipping in the Arctic Arctic and Antarctic – more differences than similarities? Arctic Governance Svalbard Tourismus in Polar Regions EU Engagement in the Arctic Environmental [...] Influence on Europe's climate Climate change in the Arctic Climate change and the Southern Ocean Climate change and the North Sea Climate change and the ocean Permafrost Information on Governance The collaborative

Atmosphere, Sea Ice and Upper Ocean (w/ SST) EnVar: Atm, Ice, Ocean(SST, Mixed-layer) GEM NEMO+ CICE EnVar: Atm, Ice, Ocean(SST, Mixed-layer) GEM NEMO+ CICE EnVar: Atm, Ice, Ocean(SST, Mixed-layer) GEM NEMO+ [...] (no diurnal cycle) Page ‹#› – June 17, 2019 Strongly Coupled Atm-Ice-Ocean DA EnVar: Atm, Ice, Ocean(SST, Mixed-layer) Atmos GEM Ocean Ice NEMO+ CICE 00 UTC 06 UTC 12 UTC 18 UTC Atm,Oce,Ice Working towards: [...] concentration (passive microwave, ASCAT, ice charts, soon SAR) Used for initializing coupled ice-ocean and ice-ocean-atmosphere forecasts for NWP – thickness unconstrained Now developing own ice thickness as

to the Arctic coastal-marine environment. CACOON Background Arctic rivers annually carry around 13% of all dissolved organic carbon transported globally from land to ocean, despite the Arctic Ocean making [...] Changing Arctic Carbon cycle in the cOastal Ocean Near-shore - CACOON No other region has warmed as much or as rapidly in the past decades as the Arctic. A new project, CACOON , investigates how the ecosystems [...] 1% of the Earth’s ocean volume. Arctic shelf waters are therefore dominated by terrestrial carbon pools, so that shelf ecosystems are intimately linked to freshwater supplies. Arctic ecosystems also contain

1 Towards a New Arctic Climate System Scientific Workshop (CATS / QUARCCS) Venue: Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Middle Hall / OSL Monday, 2 December 2019: Arrival Tuesday, 3 December [...] 10:30-11:00 Keynote: The changing Arctic transpolar system – an overview Ivanov, V., Kassens, H., CATS Team 11:00-11:15 The warming Laptev Sea shelf under climate change in the Arctic Hölemann, J., Janout, M., [...] 14:30-14:45 Spatial and temporal patterns of Arctic sea-ice leads Willmes, S., Heinemann, G. 14:45-15:00 Sea ice drift and deformation from SAR data in Russian Arctic seas Demchev, D., Klyachkin, S. 15:00-15:15

player in the global carbon cycle. Ocean colour is also used to study export production: the fraction of primary production that is transported to the deep ocean. Ocean-colour data are also being used i [...] Other applications include studies of cross-domain fluxes and interactions: ocean-atmosphere and land-ocean fluxes of carbon, ocean-cryosphere interactions and climate impact on the polar ecosystems. It must [...] land to oceans and the amount of carbon going to lake sediments is in the same order of magnitude than the flux of carbon from land system to oceans. Because of the fundamental importance of ocean colour

player in the global carbon cycle. Ocean colour is also used to study export production: the fraction of primary production that is transported to the deep ocean. Ocean-colour data are also being used i [...] Other applications include studies of cross-domain fluxes and interactions: ocean-atmosphere and land-ocean fluxes of carbon, ocean-cryosphere interactions and climate impact on the polar ecosystems. It must [...] land to oceans and the amount of carbon going to lake sediments is in the same order of magnitude than the flux of carbon from land system to oceans. Because of the fundamental importance of ocean colour

Coastal permafrost erosion, organic carbon and nutrient release to the arctic nearshore zone (COPER) Permafrost Erosion Arctic permafrost coasts, which account for 34% of the coasts of the Earth, are extremely [...] provided by the permafrost matrix and are instantly washed away by incoming waves. With warming in the Arctic expected to be roughly twice as high as the global mean, sea ice extent is expected to decline d [...] and changes to the nearshore food-web through the release of sediment and organic matter to the ocean. A comprehensive understanding of the processes at work at the local level is nonetheless still lacking

North Sea North off Helgoland ( Helgoland-UWO - 54° 11.700'N / 7° 52.600'E – Fig. 1) and in the Arctic Ocean in Spitzbergen ( Svalbard-UWO - 78° 55.200 / 11° 54.00 – (WGS84) - Fig. 2). The systems were developed

Observed ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere processes: improved knowledge and existing model shortcomings WP1 will produce integrated knowledge of how sea ice and its snow cover are coupled to oceanic and atmospheric [...] deliver improved understanding of the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical interactions within the Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere (OIA) system, new knowledge of polar and global climate, and enhanced ability of society [...] components and regions (e.g. polar low-latitude interactions/teleconnections) that occur through the ocean and atmosphere. Finally, we use existing and updated model projections to complete a comprehensive