field and conditions turned out to be ideal for a boundary layer mission north of Svalbard. It turned out to be a typical day with sea ice melt due to strong warm air advection by southerly winds. Atmospheric [...] List of general, very preliminary conclusions from the campaign Sea ice extend, Polarstern position and measurement time - This year the sea ice extended more to the south than in the years before. Therefore [...] campaign objective was to collect data of surface reflectivity in cloudless conditions in different sea ice situations. 2. Summary of daily activities Mon, 19 June This day was used for downloading and checking

we started in the marginal sea ice zone east of Svalbard, and then set course north into the central Arctic Ocean.The marginal sea ice zone was mostly covered with decaying sea ice and some larger ice-free

transect, Polarstern bit its way through heavy sea ice, hard as concrete and covered with a thick layer of snow. This altogether slowed down our progress into the north significantly. During our journey in the

comfortable at four degrees Celsius. It has mi- grated from the increasingly warmer North Sea and North Atlantic to the north in the past years and now Clear signs: The Kongsfjord on Spitsbergen displays a [...] most clearly in the constantly declining sea ice cover. Scientists presume that the North Pole could be ice-free in summer in less than 40 years. The melting sea ice opens up new opportunities for some [...] than the Atlantic sea butterfly. It, too, came to the Fram Strait with the warmer Atlantic water. In contrast to the sea butterfly, however, it has now managed to reproduce in the far north, too, as AWI biologists

million square kilometres, the Arctic Ocean also includes large shallow shelf seas, such as the Laptev Sea and Barents Sea north of Russia. Large parts of the Arctic Ocean are fully or seasonally ice covered [...] Ocean. The extremely low sea ice extent in September 2012 is shown as a white/blue area. The pink line indicates the mean sea ice extent in February, the yellow line the mean sea ice extent in September [...] years has been shrinking at unexpected rates. The sea ice is transported from the shelves via transpolar drift into the Fram Strait, the only deep-sea connection between Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Photo:

the Wadden Sea and how they have changed the habitat. Many of the newcomers to the Wadden Sea are beneficiaries of climate change. They often hail from warmer climes and thrive in the North Sea because the [...] their way to the Wadden Sea is often a matter of speculation, but nearly half were most likely brought by freight ships bound for the North Sea. THE NEW SPECIES IN THE WADDEN SEA INVASIVE SPECIES: Sources: [...] species living in the Wadden Sea that weren’t there 100 years ago. Originating from faraway coasts, many of these newcomers have only managed to establish themselves in the North Sea thanks to humans, either

CLIMATE CHANGE The North Sea Surge is hitting the dunes Tourists on a walk across the mudflats FUTURE 2050 The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean with deep waters in the north and shallow waters [...] Dogger Bank in the north of the southern North Sea and the Wadden Sea, located along the Dutch, German and Danish coast. The Dogger Bank is one of the important fishing grounds in the North Sea. There are over [...] Since the last ice age the North Sea has been subject to continuous change, partly driven by natural causes, but also strongly shaped by men since the medieval times. The North Sea has always played an important

of planned offshore-windfarms with commercial marine aquaculture (open ocean aquaculture) in the North Sea area. Exclusively, literature data from existing international experiences are reviewed here, as [...] as input of urban waste water adds to the calamity. However, especially the hydrodynamics of the North Sea play a key role as hindrance of establishing commercial marine aquaculture in Germany. Secondly [...] development of a commercial offshore aquaculture in combination with the planned wind farms in the North Sea region. Contact Prof. Dr. Bela H. Buck Additional Content Mytilus edulis Crassostrea gigas Saccharina

25 September - 1 October 2017
This week started with a disappointment. As a result of very dense sea ice coverage we were unable to recover 3 moorings deployed near the northern edge of the embayment [...] observe the circulation at the transition from Norske Trough in the south to Westwind Trough in the north.

Helgoland in the North Sea comprising in several thousands of preparations. Lately we improved and adapted this automatic image acquisition and cell enumeration system for usage at high seas on board an o [...] Helgoland in the North Sea comprising in several thousands of preparations. Lately we improved and adapted this automatic image acquisition and cell enumeration system for usage at high seas on board an o [...] During the last 10 years, scientists have developed collaboration around the North Sea, Channel, Baltic and Mediterranean Sea, sharing experience and knowledge on online flow cytometry measurement at high