tal conditions of the future. This implies that we research the state of the Earth System over a time span of several tens of millions of years. While we employ a diverse approach, the following time scales [...] considering the properties of the climate of the past. We are able to reconstruct past climate changes from historical data collections or by evaluating documented observations. The history of Earth provides [...] climate change? This is one of research's central questions. To give a proper answer, we have to know the parameters of natural variability, e.g. the temperatures in oceans, above the continents and in polar

and starboard of the ship. Depeding on the diving depth of the system and the speed of the ship, the winch can pay out up to 2500 m of cable with 60 m/min spooling speed. The winch is of the type "Mermac [...] stitut) The profile measurement distance or horizontal resolution of the topAWI system mainly depends on the measurement speed of the sensors and the shape of the undulation profile. Since the measuring [...] use of standard sensors and is only limited by the system properties of the "Triaxus" sensor carrier itself. The sensors can be mounted in free areas inside of the sensor carrier, as well as onto the extra

caused formation of a snow cliff observed on the eastern end of the lake. By the time of our fieldwork the lake level was well below the outflow on the north-western side of the lake. The hydrological parameters [...] characterising the outflow of the AABW into the Indian Ocean. The sediment records are thought to contain insights into the variability of the current dynamics and the formation of AABW during the last glac [...] achieved. The stratigraphic calibration of the marine seismic sequences via the sediment records of ODP Leg 113 could thus also allow the assignment of ages to the vibroseismic sequences of the Ekström Ice

run down the continental slope towards the deep sea floor. The newly formed and well ventilated bottom water underrides, steered by bottom topography, the ACC to fill the deep basins of the world ocean. [...] downward to the deep ocean layers or to the sediment. This process is called the biological pump. Whether the Southern Ocean at large acts as a source or a sink of CO2 for the atmosphere depends on the balance [...] in the Southern Ocean is brought about by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) which, driven by strong westerly winds and the temperature differences between the subtropics and the icy Antarctic continent

improve the ability of such ESMs to faithfully represent the centennial-scale evolution of the global climate, especially its variability, extremes and how tipping points may unfold under the influence [...] climate change information is delivered, helping address the complex challenges of a warming world. As part of the EU’s Destination Earth initiative, the Climate DT produces multi-decadal, high-resolution climate [...] new generation of Earth System Models (ESMs) that are capable of explicitly representing a crucially important, yet unexplored regime of the Earth system – the ocean mesoscale. Leveraging the latest advances

production of one kilogram of sugar kelp seaweed can mitigate the emissions generated during the production of one kilogram of some vegetables and fruits, while the production of mussels and oysters is even [...] everybody. The chefs at the event regularly use some LTS in their menus, and state that they love the flavour of the species and their versatility in the kitchen. The event highlighted the environmental [...] per hectare of water surface with the two scenarios, where the gross revenue was increased by 11 % with the use of selective breeding. It was concluded that the widespread adoption of the tool for pedigree

place in the Arctic and Antarctic. Depending on the season, the ice covers greater or lesser parts of the ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, the ocean gradually freezes over in the course of the long Polar [...] near the end of winter. At this point, the Arctic Ocean is completely covered in ice from between the coasts of Canada, Alaska and Siberia to the eastern coast of Greenland. When the sun returns, the ice [...] the formation and melting of sea ice affect the atmosphere and the ocean, and with them, the climate, in a variety of ways. The ice reflects the majority of incoming sunlight back into space. In contrast

quence of the dependency of nutrients and light, the concentration of Chl-a in the Arctic Ocean is seasonal (Fig. 1.1), since the availability of these are driven by the sea-ice cover dynamics, the seasonal [...] understanding the typical size of the errors. Coefficient of Determination (R2) The coefficient of determination, R2, is a statistical measure that indicates the proportion of the variance in the dependent [...] measures of water clarity and light penetration. The presence of phytoplankton contributes to the light attenuation in the upper ocean layers, affecting the value of KD490. The ZSD is a simple measure of water

assessment of the flowering of these species and the associated risk of mussel poisoning in Chinese and German coastal waters. The focus is on the current status of the biodiversity of the genus Azadinium [...] Objective The One Blue project analyses concentrations, degradation and impacts of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the oceans through case studies in the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Mediterranean [...] Research objective The goal of CONMAR is to provide information on the distribution and condition of munitions in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea and to generate an understanding of the release and dispersal

research topics or explore the conflict of interests of different Arctic stakeholders. Lesson Plan Permafrost in the Arctic Living in the wild North The Permafrost Risk The Ocean Race Summit Dr. Rebecca [...] and thematic perspectives. Different questions discuss the situation in the High North: What characterizes the Arctic environment? What changed in the Arctic over the last decades? What is permafrost? How [...] Outreach Lesson Plan "Permafrost in the Arctic" The lesson plan “Permafrost in the Arctic” explores the subject of degrading permafrost and its effects on men and environment from different spatial and