Understanding the ocean, and the complex physical, biological, and biogeochemical systems operating within it, is a challenge for the opening decades of the 21st century. The establishment of multidisciplinary ocean observatories by the Alfred Wegener Institute will help to provide the means to accomplish this goal. Ecological time-series work [...] in 1999. Since 2014, the establishment of the FRAM (Frontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring) Ocean Observing System improves our monitoring capacities. LTER Observatory HAUSGARTEN Ocean Observing System

planned open-ocean infrastructure FRAM (FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring) is permanent presence at sea, from surface to depth, for the provision [...] system dynamics, climate variability and ecosystem change. The FRAM Ocean Observing System will be installed in the gateway between the North Atlantic and the Central Arctic, representing a highly [...] Schewe, I., Klages, M., Boetius, A. (2013): FRAM - FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring: Permanent Observations in a Gateway to the Arctic Ocean. OCEANS - Bergen, 2013 MTS/IEEE. doi:10.1109/OCEANS Bergen

deep sea has started to increase and today we know that the deep ocean on planet Earth hosts an enormous diverse deep-seabed life. Biodiversity in the deep sea depends among other parameters on water [...] rate of recent climate change challenges the resilience of Arctic life. The entire system is likely to be severely affected by changing ice and water conditions, varying primary production and food [...] transition zone between the northern North Atlantic and the central Arctic Ocean, and to determine the factors controlling deep-sea biodiversity, the Alfred Wegener Institute established the LTER (Long-Term

is now bringing back from a Polarstern expedition to the Central Arctic. After a four-month-long Arctic season, the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research icebreaker is expected to arrive back in Bremerhaven

means that they transport more ice from the land’s interior to the ocean, which in turn causes the sea level to rise. Furthermore, the surface of Greenland’s ice sheet is melting more extensively and is [...] Now (Video) | 14.09.2020 Climate Crisis: Ice breaks away from Arctic's largest remaining shelf Find out more > Dialogue & Lectures Lecture | 04.03.2022 The Complex Life of Ice Sheets TEDx Talks Talk [...] 06.03.2017 How the Greenland Ice Sheet is loosing mass forced by the ocean Summit on Climate Change Policy advice

our knowledge of the sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is constantly growing, we still don’t understand all the connections and phenomena. Two examples: because the thickness of the Arctic sea ice is steadily declining and meltwater pools are increasingly forming in summer, covering large areas of the Arctic sea ice, both the ice and the ocean below absorb more solar radiation. As a result, more algae grow, marine biomass production increases and more carbon is taken up

at the University of Bremen. Sea Ice MOSAiC The sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is a major component of the global climate system, and changes in its thickness and snow cover are important indicators [...] , jpg | 747 KB Media DW (Video) | 08.08.2020 On thin ice: The Arctic and earth's climate Find out more > DW | 05.05.2020 Polarstern sets records on Arctic climate mission Find out more > Above & Beyond, Canada's Arctic Journal | 31.12.2013 On Thin Ice Find out more > Dialogue & Lectures Policy advice Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC

:// www.youtube.com/channel/UCxseMj2r9jMDq-LjKzUOIVg/featured Arctic Ocean MSM93 expedition contribution to newsletter of German Science Foundation Transregio Arctic Amplification: www.ac3- [...] /tausendstel-millimeter-gross-aber-echte-giganten/85718382 Arctic Ocean MSM93 expedition highlighted in the German newspaper “Süddeutsche Zeitung” 6 Nov 2020: https :// www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/ [...] great-potential-for-comprehensive-monitoring-of-the-water-masses-in-the-ocean.html

from Hyperspectral , ESA SynSenPFT , DFG PHYSYN , DFG TR 172 Arctic Amplification (AC 3 ) project C03 "Feedback of ocean colour and atmospheric composition to AC 3 ", ESA S5POC ) GEOMAR-Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research (Geomar), Kiel, Germany ( SHIVA , TransBrom Sonne , SynSenPFT , OCEANET , ASTRA) Institute for Coastal Research,

Helgoland-UWO - 54° 11.700'N / 7° 52.600'E – Fig. 1) and in the Arctic Ocean in Spitzbergen ( Svalbard-UWO - 78° 55.200 / 11° 54.00 – (WGS84) - Fig. 2). The systems were developed in close cooperation