consist of anthropogenic sulphate par-in the year than in the Arctic. ticles (d’Almeida, 1991), indicating that at least in these cases ozone depletion may have occurred without anthropogenic contamination [...] Platt, 1995; Fan and Jacob, 1992). The influ- At the Koldewey-Station, ozone sondes were ence of anthropogenic pollutants like sulphate launched usually once a week and up to two times aerosols, which can [...] layers in the Arctic and Antarctic, some Antartica the Arctic is proned to massive intru- sions of anthropogenic emissions during polardistinct differences were revealed: In the Arctic the ozone depleted layers

growing anthropogenic source. Also no sig- nificant black carbon trend (continuously recorded at NM since 1999; Weller, unpublished results) could be detected. Thus, the role of anthropogenic emissions [...] AL. Antarctic ice cores in terms of the governing atmospheric signal is still disputed. Unlike anthropogenic impact, which seems only evident in nitrate records from Greenland ice cores (Legrand and Mayewski [...] the solar activity, (iv) strengthening of the polar vortex and PSC sedimentation, (v) growing anthropogenic NOx emissions from mid-southern lat- itudes and/or from Antarctic station activities and (vi)

growing anthropogenic source. Also no sig- nificant black carbon trend (continuously recorded at NM since 1999; Weller, unpublished results) could be detected. Thus, the role of anthropogenic emissions [...] AL. Antarctic ice cores in terms of the governing atmospheric signal is still disputed. Unlike anthropogenic impact, which seems only evident in nitrate records from Greenland ice cores (Legrand and Mayewski [...] the solar activity, (iv) strengthening of the polar vortex and PSC sedimentation, (v) growing anthropogenic NOx emissions from mid-southern lat- itudes and/or from Antarctic station activities and (vi)

growing anthropogenic source. Also no sig- nificant black carbon trend (continuously recorded at NM since 1999; Weller, unpublished results) could be detected. Thus, the role of anthropogenic emissions [...] AL. Antarctic ice cores in terms of the governing atmospheric signal is still disputed. Unlike anthropogenic impact, which seems only evident in nitrate records from Greenland ice cores (Legrand and Mayewski [...] the solar activity, (iv) strengthening of the polar vortex and PSC sedimentation, (v) growing anthropogenic NOx emissions from mid-southern lat- itudes and/or from Antarctic station activities and (vi)

understand the long-term responses and interactions of the North Sea and adjacent Wadden Sea to anthropogenic and natural changes, both affected by regional drivers (riverine inputs, coastal armouring and

and temperate coastal ecosystems with a strong interest in the effects of climate change, local anthropogenic impacts and natural challenges on the shallow water macro-zoobenthos and fish communities. We

time again, and most likely travelled along as stowaways on the oysters’ shells. In addition, anthropogenic climate change and the resultant rising temperatures in the North Sea are making it easier for

vertical mixing of carbon-rich deep waters into the surface layer and the downward mixing of anthropogenic CO 2 . Yet, despite the increasing stratification over recent decades, the Southern Ocean continued

warming by absorbing most of the excess heat in the climate system and a large fraction of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. However, over the past years the Southern Ocean has experienced drastic

international partners, we promote a better understanding of the causes and effects of natural and anthropogenic changes, like climate change. Together with the Helmholtz Association’s Earth and Environment