feedbacks, especially in the tropics, may be secondary, not primary, anthropogenic forcings. The hypotheses that invoke primary anthropogenic inputs are the possibility that emissions from ruminants (pri- marily [...] maximum anthropogenic radiative forcing to around 3 W/m2 (Meinshausen et al., 2011; Rogelj et al., 2012; see also IPCC, 2018). This very challenging target demands rapid and severe cuts on anthropogenic greenhouse [...] challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction

constraints for 14C-free fossil CO2 emission changes on the global and regional scale. KEYWORDS: anthropogenic 14CO2 perturbations, bomb radiocarbon, global carbon cycle, tropospheric 14CO2 data. INTRODUCTION [...] test ban treaty in 1963. Today, the transient bomb-radiocarbon signal has levelled off, and the anthropogenic input of radiocarbon-free fossil CO2 into the atmosphere has become the dominant driver of the [...] of the 14C/C ratio in global atmospheric CO2 (Levin et al. 2010; Graven 2015). This 14CO2-free anthropogenic CO2 flux from the burning of fossil fuels and cement production has increased globally by more

Climate Change
Over the next few decades, anthropogenic climate change and the resultant changes in the global water cycle will produce a significant rise in drought frequency in the Northern Hemisphere

utilised seas, and in the past centuries it has undergone significant changes as a result of anthropogenic influences. The various uses have particularly affected the sea’s ecosystems: native species and

timing in Antarctic krill. With parts of the Southern Ocean experiencing rapid warming caused by anthropogenic driven climate change, it is of fundamental interest to understand the involvement of endogenous

pelagic key species to investigate their performance and acclimation capacity with regards to (anthropogenic) environmental change and to understand the role of these species in biogeochemical cycles. We

change with anthropogenic warming. The adaptation of organisms to these cycles plays an important role in the functionality of ecosystems. With the warming of the Southern Ocean, due to anthropogenic climate

today we will provide some information on the work of our colleagues here on board assessing anthropogenic impacts on the marine ecosystem on our way from Bremerhaven to Fram Strait (and back) and at

on and use of habitat / improvement of abundance estimates evaluation of possible impacts of anthropogenic activities habitat_modeling.png (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut)

specified activity " (ISO18405, 3.1.1.2). Ambient sound is composed of natural abiotic and biotic and anthropogenic sounds. Natural abiotic ('geophonic') sounds include sound produced by wind, waves and ice movement [...] space and how does it relate to other environmental and ecological factors? How do natural and anthropogenic sounds contribute to the overall acoustic environment of an area? Which role does the character