the past few decades – due to the reduced sea-ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in summer, to higher water and air temperatures, and to rising sea levels. Less sea ice means e.g. that winds produce larger waves [...] in the Arctic is insulated by water and sea ice, one might assume there was no permafrost there. But guess again: at the bottom of certain shallow coastal seas, the ground is permanently frozen. This type [...] there was so much water frozen in the massive inland ice sheets of Scandinavia and North America that in some places, the sea level was 120 metres lower than today. Where now we see ocean waves, there was

understand the structure and function of an ecosystem. Research AnthroTOP Anthropogenic uses in the North Sea: Impacts on marine top predators Human activities have various, mostly negative, impacts on marine [...] uses is crucial. In AnthroTop, we are using models to predict how different use scenarios in the North Sea might affect the distribution of marine top predators and what this might mean for marine ecosystems [...] Funding: Bundesamt für Naturschutz CRANMAN II Scientific studies on the biology and fisheries of the North Sea shrimp CRANgon crangon as the basis for an efficient self-MANagement system Catch of the brown shrimp

Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea [Translate to English:] Automatisierte in-situ Messung durch ein benthisches Absatzgestell. (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) [...] APOC is to investigate the transport and accumulation of particulate organic carbon within the North Sea and how anthropogenic activities might alter the potential for carbon sequestration in marine sediments [...] hydrodynamics, but our ability to predict sedimentation processes is limited especially in the North Sea. Additionally, anthropogenic activities, such as bottom trawling, can alter POC sedimentation, releasing

of benthic primary producers and their associated organisms. Our geographical focus is on the North Sea and the European Arctic. Through large-scale comparative studies, we assess the plasticity of species [...] community dynamics of inter- and subtidal rocky shores and adjacent seabed biotopes ( OASIS , FACE-IT , SeaKey ). We investigate experimentally adaptation strategies to current and future seawater temperatures [...] society ( Nordseebüro ). Rocky coast ecology is included in POF-IV in Subtopics 4.2 / 6.1 / 6.2 Projekte SeaKey KELPRIME OASIS Team Inka Bartsch Lars Gutow Andreas Wagner Claudia Daniel Tosia Schmithüsen Luisa

SeaKey – Identification of Seaweeds of the German North Sea Coast [Translate to English:] Concept of SeaKey (Photo: Alfred-Wegener-Institut) Enable identification of seaweeds for variable stakeholders [...] order to support marine biodiversity assessment The project SeaKey develops a scientific identification key for ‘Seaweeds of the German North Sea coast’ in three parts, for brown algae, red algae and green [...] under seaweeds.awi.de The key consists of a webkey (usable as desktop version or via the App SeaKey) and downloadable and printable documents – the ‘Identification Key’ itself and the ‘Additional

understand natural fluctuations and directed climatic changes in benthic communities in the North Sea. In the German North Sea, the animal communities of the seafloor experience substantial interannual fluctuations

Helgoland and the surrounding areas we contribute to the understanding of the ecosystem of the North Sea and support governmental responsibilities in marine conservation. OASIS is integrated in POF-IV [...] funding the long-term monitoring program „ O bserv a tion and Evaluation of the S chleswig-Holste i n North S ea Coastal Benthic Ecosystem – OASIS“ on the dynamics of benthic habitats of the rocky island of

volume of the Arctic sea ice in winter – and in theory, enough to completely fill the Baltic Sea with ice. FAQ EN Where can sea ice be found? How is sea ice formed? How thick does sea ice get? What are the [...] between Arctic and Antarctic sea ice? How much sea ice is there? What lives on, in and below sea ice? How does sea ice differ from other types of ice? How much has the Arctic sea ice declined in recent years [...] calve from glaciers and ice sheets and drift out to sea are not sea ice, either. Sea ice that is only a few years old has virtually no influence on the sea level, as it is formed on the ocean, floats atop

ecosystems of the Wadden Sea and the North Sea and investigate issues relating to stressors and natural and man-made changes. We also provide scientific advice to administrations and authorities, for example [...] example via the North Sea Office. We use our scientific findings to support protection and sustainable use of the shallow coastal seas. The section builds predictive capacity by combining multidisciplinary [...] information 100 years of Wadden Sea Station Salt Marshes and Seagrass Meadows Open House Day Coastal Hydrography and Geology Long-term observation in Wadden Sea Ecosystem Wadden Sea

Kühn B., Hélaouë P. (2021) Using dynamic ocean color provinces to elucidate mechanisms driving North Sea oceanography and ecology. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans. DOI: 10.1029/2021JC017686 2020 [...] Moreau S. (2017) Latitudinal distribution of particulate carbon export across the North Western Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Research I 129:116-130. doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.016 Ramírez-Pérez M [...] austral summer 2012. Deep-Sea Research II 138: 6-25; doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.018 Zäncker B, Bracher A. , Röttgers R., Engel A.: Variations of the organic matter composition in the sea surface microlayer: