analysing historical time series of direct temperature measurements. Information regarding the pre-anthropogenic state of the system can be obtained either by reconstructing the climatic and environmental conditions

similar limitations to abundance-based algorithms: “Since there can be deviations (natural or anthropogenically driven) from the tuned ecological relationships, we must be careful in interpreting time-series [...] waters in order to “contribute significantly to a better understanding of the attribution of anthropogenic and natural sources of climate change to the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles” (AWI

Ocean carbon uptake has an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorb- ing one third of anthropogenic atmospheric carbon. The biological carbon pump, powered by phytoplankton primary production, [...] significant exchange fluxes (tens of PgC yr−1, 2 1.1. Global carbon cycle Figure 1.2: Time series of anthropogenic global CO2 emissions by fossil fuels com- bustion (gas, oil, coal) and other sources (flaring [...] cycle, estimated for the time prior to the industrial era (around 1750). Pink arrows represent anthropogenic fluxes, averaged between 2010 and 2019. Figure reproduced from sixth IPCC assessment report [1]

Another focus is dealing with anthropogenic influences in the marine environment and consequences on the organisms. Two main aspects are studied: measure of anthropogenic markers (e.g. xenobiotica, toxin

research project APOC, led by the Alfred Wegener Institute, has investigated how climate change and anthropogenic activities and pressure impact the carbon cycle in the North Sea. The final event took place in

production ( Völker and Ye, 2022 ). Contact Dr. Christoph Völker Dr. Ying Ye Uptake and cycling of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean We simulate the changing ocean carbon uptake in response to humans’ perturbation [...] ocean carbon cycle into the AWI-Earth System Model, and simulate the historical and future ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake under low and high emission scenarios. A focus of the group is on deep and bottom

acoustic environment and marine mammal ecology? How can we best minimize potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals? Our focus: We explore the distribution and behavior of whales and seals

Arctic and Antarctic is difficult because natural variability is large, masking the evidence of anthropogenic influences. Atmospheric measurements of surface energy balance, heat and moisture fluxes, cloud

Wegener Institut) Macroalgae at Helgoland (Photo: Alfred Wegener Institut) We study if and how anthropogenic environmental change (especially global warming) influences the production and interaction of

–for the last few years- area intensive usage by offshore wind farms result in an increase in anthropogenic stress on the environment. A state-of-the-art ecosystem management and modern environmental protection [...] scales, spatial as well as temporal, is an indispensable prerequisite for the distinction between anthropogenic and natural impacts. Key Activities We are investigating the distribution of the benthos on different [...] different spatial (local-regional) and temporal (seasonal-long-term) scales effects of natural and anthropogenic change on the benthic system, i.e., ecosystem shifts caused by environmental shifts the ecological