biogeochemical processes within the Arctic Ocean, as well as how these are linked to the Atlantic Ocean, to predict upcoming changes in global ocean circulation, ocean productivity, and the consequences for [...] Greenland, the Arctic Ocean lies completely within the Arctic Circle (~66,5°N) and is the smallest of the 5 oceans on our planet. With an area of 14 million square kilometres, the Arctic Ocean also includes large [...] Strait, the only deep-sea connection between Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Photo: AWI/ Mario Hoppmann Map of the Arctic Ocean Map of the Arctic Ocean. The extremely low sea ice extent in September 2012 is shown

exactly the pain threshold regarding envi- ronmental changes is for large marine algae. How much ocean acidification can a species tolerate? How well can it cope with rising water tempera- tures? How much do [...] but with an increased supply of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same time, as in the case of ocean acidification, this can be compensated.” The biologist is now examining how sensitive the kelp forests are [...] can only be examined on site but under water. For this we need the skills of ocean scientific divers combined with an ocean scientist. Anyone who wants to get up really examine the medium and its underwater

pool (38,000 Pg of carbon) in the ocean, and plays a key role in the solubility pump; it is therefore of relevance to both ocean carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification. While recognising the importance [...] player in the global carbon cycle. Ocean colour is also used to study export production: the fraction of primary production that is transported to the deep ocean. Ocean-colour data are also being used i [...] Other applications include studies of cross-domain fluxes and interactions: ocean-atmosphere and land-ocean fluxes of carbon, ocean-cryosphere interactions and climate impact on the polar ecosystems. It must

pool (38,000 Pg of carbon) in the ocean, and plays a key role in the solubility pump; it is therefore of relevance to both ocean carbon dioxide uptake and ocean acidification. While recognising the importance [...] player in the global carbon cycle. Ocean colour is also used to study export production: the fraction of primary production that is transported to the deep ocean. Ocean-colour data are also being used i [...] Other applications include studies of cross-domain fluxes and interactions: ocean-atmosphere and land-ocean fluxes of carbon, ocean-cryosphere interactions and climate impact on the polar ecosystems. It must

Climate change
Tropical coral reefs lose up to two thirds of their zooplankton through ocean acidification. This is the conclusion reached by a German-Australian research team that examined two reefs [...] the seabed, lowering the water's acidity to a level, which scientists predict for the future of the oceans. The researchers believe that the decline in zooplankton is due to the loss of suitable hiding places [...] places. It results from the changes in the coral reef community due to increasing acidification. Instead of densely branched branching corals, robust mounding species of hard coral grow, offering the z

animals. Twelve of the known Vibrio species have a pathogenic effect. (Photo: René Erler/AWI) Ocean acidification: How the great Atlantic scallop loses the strength to swim The great Atlantic scallop has a [...] increasingly dif- ficult to escape its predators. This is due to the increasing acidification of seawater. Every year, the oceans of the world absorb one quarter of the carbon dioxide that we humans produce [...] Zankl) 10°E5°E0°5°W10°W 60°N 55°N 50°N North Sea Norwegian Sea Skagerrak English Channel Atlantic Ocean (Map: Antonie Haas/AWI) The North Sea – a sea of superlatives The North Sea is a shallow shelf sea

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Princeton University Press Feldman, G.C., & McClain, C.R. (2012). Ocean Color Chlorophyll (OC) v6, Ocean Color WebOcean Color Chlorophyll (OC) v6, Ocean Color Web. In N. Kuring, S.W. Bailey, B.F. Franz, G. Meister [...] within the Southern Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 106, 7125-7138 Rintoul, S. (2010). Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Ocean Currents: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 196 Rintoul [...] biogeochemical cycle of the ocean. For example, diatoms are the major silicifiers in the ocean with frustules made of dissolved silicic acid, influencing the cycle of silica in the oceans. Coccolithophores build

Princeton University Press Feldman, G.C., & McClain, C.R. (2012). Ocean Color Chlorophyll (OC) v6, Ocean Color WebOcean Color Chlorophyll (OC) v6, Ocean Color Web. In N. Kuring, S.W. Bailey, B.F. Franz, G. Meister [...] within the Southern Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 106, 7125-7138 Rintoul, S. (2010). Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Ocean Currents: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 196 Rintoul [...] biogeochemical cycle of the ocean. For example, diatoms are the major silicifiers in the ocean with frustules made of dissolved silicic acid, influencing the cycle of silica in the oceans. Coccolithophores build

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