changes are also studied in such experiments. Large scale circulation changes as captured by anthropogenic tracers Contact: Michael Karcher The Arctic Ocean surface circulation is characterized by the [...] mark specific water masses on their paths through the Arctic. Such a tracer is 129 Iodine, an anthropogenic radionuclide which is dumped as waste into the Irish Sea and the North Sea by nuclear reprocessing

prominent and frequent hydroclimate extremes and whether there is a difference between natural and anthropogenic impact on Siberian hydrology by comparison of early Holocene and recent warming phases. To answer [...] from the Early Holocene with a similar temporal resolution, if achievable, to disentangle the anthropogenic and natural contribution. For investigations, primarily diatom-δ18O will be used to establish

Quéric, N.-V., Schewe, I., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M., Klages, M. (2016). Natural variability or anthropogenically-induced variation? Insights from 15 years of multidisciplinary observations at the arctic marine

important implications for Southern Ocean phytoplankton ecology. By the year 2100, the ongoing anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will likely have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from

feedbacks, especially in the tropics, may be secondary, not primary, anthropogenic forcings. The hypotheses that invoke primary anthropogenic inputs are the possibility that emissions from ruminants (pri- marily [...] maximum anthropogenic radiative forcing to around 3 W/m2 (Meinshausen et al., 2011; Rogelj et al., 2012; see also IPCC, 2018). This very challenging target demands rapid and severe cuts on anthropogenic greenhouse [...] challenge the Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts in the atmospheric methane burden. However, anthropogenic methane emissions are relatively very large and thus offer attractive targets for rapid reduction

Antarctic natural resources is currently (still) prohibited under the Antarctic Treaty. Hence few anthropogenic acoustic sources exist in this region while the sea ice cover absorps sound more efficiently than [...] reducing ambient sound levels further. Spectrogram of 20060829-2207_PALAOA (Photo: OZA AWI) Anthropogenic sound Ship noise Polarstern in sea ice (Photo: AWI) Twice a year, the German research vessel

dry valleys and on high mountain ranges) and volcanic activity of Mt. Ere- bus. Nowadays, minor anthropogenic emissions, arising from fossil fuel combustion during research and tourism activities, may be [...] heavy metals (e.g. Pb, Cd, Cr) can be employed as valu- able tracers for the growing impact of anthropogenic heavy metal emissions for remote Antarctica (Wolff and Suttie, 1994; Wolff et al., 1999; Planchon

strong interannual changes of the airborne fraction of anthropogenic CO2 result in a strong variability of the biospheric uptake of anthropogenic CO2 in GRACE. Since this uptake is assumed in the model [...] decades to centuries). Any prediction of the future atmospheric CO2 burden in view of increasing anthropogenic emissions thus strongly relies on a quantitative understanding of the exchange processes between [...] simulations of all source-sink components of the global carbon cycle through the era of major anthropogenic disturbances (1940–present). The paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we first pro- vide

centimetres – and in the future, it will continue to do so, and more quickly. This is chiefly due to anthropogenic climate change. The warmer atmosphere is heating the ocean, causing seawater to expand. In addition [...] replaced thermal expansion as the main cause. What the future looks like will above all depend on anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. According to the IPCC’s climate projections, if emissions can be cut

prominent and frequent hydroclimate extremes and whether there is a difference between natural and anthropogenic impact on Siberian hydrology by comparison of early Holocene and recent warming phases. To answer [...] from the Early Holocene with a similar temporal resolution, if achievable, to disentangle the anthropogenic and natural contribution. For investigations, primarily diatom-δ18O will be used to establish