lubrication of ice sheets and ice streams by subglacial water, grounding line dynamics of marine ice sheets, stability of ice shelves, and calving. Modelling of flow of ice sheets, glaciers, ice streams and [...] glaciers like it transport more ice to the bordering ocean and thus increasingly contribute to the rise in sea level. Projections of potential contribution to sea level of the ice sheets depend on the level [...] and ice shelves aims to establish prognoses of future evolution of ice sheets. To this end, we simulate the dynamics of ice masses, thus ice flow velocities, temperature and geometry evolution, numerically